U.S·Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Beltsville Lab, BARC-East, Building 308, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2017 Dec 31;609:68-76. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.004. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
Interest in the adverse effects of rodenticides on birds has focused primarily on raptors. However, non-raptor birds are also poisoned (rodenticide exposure resulting in adverse effects including mortality) by rodenticides through consumption of the rodenticide bait and contaminated prey. A literature search for rodenticide incidents (evidence of exposure to a rodenticide, adverse effects, or exposure to placebo baits) involving non-raptor birds returned 641 records spanning the years 1931 to 2016. The incidents included 17 orders, 58 families, and 190 non-raptor bird species. Nineteen anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant rodenticide active ingredients were associated with the incidents. The number of incidents and species detected were compared by surveillance method. An incident was considered to have been reported through passive surveillance if it was voluntarily reported to the authorities whereas the report of an incident found through field work that was conducted with the objective of documenting adverse effects on birds was determined to be from active surveillance. More incidents were reported from passive surveillance than with active surveillance but a significantly greater number of species were detected in proportion to the number of incidents found through active surveillance than with passive surveillance (z=7.61, p<0.01). Results suggest that reliance on only one surveillance method can underestimate the number of incidents that have occurred and the number of species that are affected. Although rodenticides are used worldwide, incident records were found from only 15 countries. Therefore, awareness of the breadth of species diversity of non-raptor bird poisonings from rodenticides may increase incident reportings and can strengthen the predictions of harm characterized by risk assessments.
人们对杀鼠剂对鸟类的不良影响的兴趣主要集中在猛禽上。然而，非猛禽鸟类也会通过食用杀鼠剂诱饵和受污染的猎物而中毒（杀鼠剂暴露导致不良影响，包括死亡）。对涉及非猛禽鸟类的杀鼠剂事件（接触杀鼠剂的证据、不良影响或接触安慰剂诱饵）的文献检索返回了 1931 年至 2016 年期间的 641 条记录。这些事件包括 17 个订单、58 个科和 190 个非猛禽鸟类物种。有 19 种抗凝血和非抗凝血杀鼠剂活性成分与这些事件有关。通过监测方法比较了事件和检测到的物种数量。如果事件是自愿向当局报告的，则认为该事件是通过被动监测报告的；而通过旨在记录鸟类不良影响的野外工作发现的事件报告，则被确定为来自主动监测。通过被动监测报告的事件比通过主动监测报告的事件多，但通过主动监测报告的事件与发现的事件数量相比，检测到的物种数量显著更多（z=7.61，p<0.01）。结果表明，仅依赖一种监测方法可能会低估已经发生的事件数量和受影响的物种数量。尽管杀鼠剂在全球范围内使用，但仅在 15 个国家发现了事件记录。因此，提高对非猛禽鸟类因杀鼠剂中毒而导致的物种多样性的认识，可能会增加事件报告，并加强风险评估所描述的危害预测。
