Plants must adapt to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses ; thus, sensing and responding to environmental signals is imperative for their survival. Moreover, understanding these responses is imperative for efforts to improve plant yield and consistency. Regulation of transcript levels is a key aspect of the plant response to environmental signals. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years with the advance of high-throughput sequencing technologies. As important biological regulators, lncRNAs have been implicated in a wide range of developmental processes and diseases in animals. However, knowledge of the role that lncRNAs play in plant stress tolerance remains limited. Here, we review recent studies on the identification, characteristics, classification, and biological functions of lncRNAs in response to various stresses, including bacterial pathogens, excess light, drought, salinity, hypoxia, extreme temperatures, and nitrogen/phosphate deficiency. We also discuss possible directions for future research.