Kishor P B Kavi, Suravajhala Renuka, Rajasheker Guddimalli, Marka Nagaraju, Shridhar Kondle Kavya, Dhulala Divya, Scinthia Korubothula Prakash, Divya Kummari, Doma Madhavi, Edupuganti Sujatha, Suravajhala Prashanth, Polavarapu Rathnagiri
Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, India.
Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Dec 3;11:546213. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546213. eCollection 2020.
Lysine (Lys) is indispensable nutritionally, and its levels in plants are modulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional control during plant ontogeny. Animal glutamate receptor homologs have been detected in plants, which may participate in several plant processes through the Lys catabolic products. Interestingly, a connection between Lys and serotonin metabolism has been established recently in rice. 2-Aminoadipate, a catabolic product of Lys appears to play a critical role between serotonin accumulation and the color of rice endosperm/grain. It has also been shown that expression of some lysine-methylated proteins and genes encoding lysine-methyltransferases (KMTs) are regulated by cadmium even as it is known that Lys biosynthesis and its degradation are modulated by novel mechanisms. Three complex pathways co-exist in plants for serine (Ser) biosynthesis, and the relative preponderance of each pathway in relation to plant development or abiotic stress tolerance are being unfolded slowly. But the phosphorylated pathway of L-Ser biosynthesis (PPSB) appears to play critical roles and is essential in plant metabolism and development. Ser, which participates indirectly in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis and plays a pivotal role in plant metabolism and signaling. Also, L-Ser has been implicated in plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. A large body of information implicates Lys-rich and serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins in a very wide array of abiotic stresses. Interestingly, a link exists between Lys-rich K-segment and stress tolerance levels. It is of interest to note that abiotic stresses largely influence the expression patterns of SR proteins and also the alternative splicing (AS) patterns. We have checked if any lncRNAs form a cohort of differentially expressed genes from the publicly available PPSB, sequence read archives of NCBI GenBank. Finally, we discuss the link between Lys and Ser synthesis, catabolism, Lys-proteins, and SR proteins during plant development and their myriad roles in response to abiotic stresses.
赖氨酸（Lys）在营养上是不可或缺的，其在植物中的水平在植物个体发育过程中受到转录和转录后调控。植物中已检测到动物谷氨酸受体同源物，它们可能通过赖氨酸分解代谢产物参与多种植物过程。有趣的是，最近在水稻中建立了赖氨酸与血清素代谢之间的联系。2-氨基己二酸是赖氨酸的一种分解代谢产物，似乎在血清素积累与水稻胚乳/谷粒颜色之间起关键作用。还表明，即使已知赖氨酸的生物合成及其降解受新机制调控，但一些赖氨酸甲基化蛋白和编码赖氨酸甲基转移酶（KMTs）的基因的表达仍受镉的调节。植物中存在三种复杂的丝氨酸（Ser）生物合成途径，每种途径相对于植物发育或非生物胁迫耐受性的相对优势正在慢慢被揭示。但是L-丝氨酸生物合成的磷酸化途径（PPSB）似乎起着关键作用，并且在植物代谢和发育中至关重要。丝氨酸间接参与嘌呤和嘧啶的生物合成，并在植物代谢和信号传导中起关键作用。此外，L-丝氨酸与植物对生物和非生物胁迫的反应有关。大量信息表明富含赖氨酸和富含丝氨酸/精氨酸（SR）的蛋白质与多种非生物胁迫有关。有趣的是，富含赖氨酸的K片段与胁迫耐受水平之间存在联系。值得注意的是，非生物胁迫在很大程度上影响SR蛋白的表达模式以及可变剪接（AS）模式。我们已经检查了是否有任何长链非编码RNA（lncRNAs）构成了来自NCBI GenBank公开可用的PPSB序列读取存档中差异表达基因的一个群体。最后，我们讨论了植物发育过程中赖氨酸和丝氨酸的合成、分解代谢、赖氨酸蛋白和SR蛋白之间的联系，以及它们在应对非生物胁迫中的多种作用。
