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1
Fentanyl in the US heroin supply: A rapidly changing risk environment.美国海洛因供应中的芬太尼：迅速变化的风险环境。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.010. Epub 2017 Jul 20.
2
Illicit fentanyls in the opioid street market: desired or imposed?阿片类药物黑市中的非法芬太尼：是需求还是被迫？
Addiction. 2019 May;114(5):774-780. doi: 10.1111/add.14474. Epub 2018 Dec 4.
3
Initial results of a drug checking pilot program to detect fentanyl adulteration in a Canadian setting.一项药物检测试点项目的初步结果，旨在检测加拿大的芬太尼掺假情况。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018 Sep 1;190:242-245. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.020. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
4
Sold as Heroin: Perceptions and Use of an Evolving Drug in Baltimore, MD.作为海洛因出售：马里兰州巴尔的摩市对一种不断演变的毒品的认知和使用。
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2018 Apr-Jun;50(2):167-176. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2017.1394508. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
5
Urban, individuals of color are impacted by fentanyl-contaminated heroin.城市中，有色人种个体受到了掺有芬太尼的海洛因的影响。
Int J Drug Policy. 2019 Nov;73:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.008. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
6
Heroin uncertainties: Exploring users' perceptions of fentanyl-adulterated and -substituted 'heroin'.海洛因的不确定性：探究使用者对掺有芬太尼和被芬太尼替代的“海洛因”的认知。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:146-155. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
7
Addressing overdose risk among unstably housed women in San Francisco, California: an examination of potential fentanyl contamination of multiple substances.应对加利福尼亚州旧金山市无稳定住所女性的过量用药风险：对多种物质中潜在芬太尼污染情况的调查。
Harm Reduct J. 2020 Mar 10;17(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s12954-020-00361-8.
8
Today's fentanyl crisis: Prohibition's Iron Law, revisited.今日的芬太尼危机：重温禁酒令的铁律。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:156-159. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.050. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
9
Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: A mixed methods study.罗德岛非法阿片类药物使用者中接触受芬太尼污染的海洛因与过量用药风险：一项混合方法研究。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:136-145. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.023. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
10
High willingness to use rapid fentanyl test strips among young adults who use drugs.年轻人对使用快速芬太尼检测条的意愿较高。
Harm Reduct J. 2018 Feb 8;15(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12954-018-0213-2.

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1
Use of Illegally Manufactured Fentanyl in the United States: Current Trends.美国非法制造芬太尼的使用情况：当前趋势
Curr Addict Rep. 2025 Dec;12(1). doi: 10.1007/s40429-025-00625-y. Epub 2025 Jan 29.
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Unpredictable Drug Access and its Relevance for Substance Use Disorders: A Critical Review.不可预测的药物获取及其与物质使用障碍的相关性：一项批判性综述。
Perspect Behav Sci. 2025 Jun 2;48(2):367-387. doi: 10.1007/s40614-025-00449-1. eCollection 2025 Jun.
3
Decline in US Drug Overdose Deaths by Region, Substance, and Demographics.按地区、物质和人口统计学划分的美国药物过量死亡人数下降情况。
JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Jun 2;8(6):e2514997. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.14997.
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U.S. substance use harm reduction efforts: a review of the current state of policy, policy barriers, and recommendations.美国减少药物使用危害的努力：政策现状、政策障碍及建议综述
Harm Reduct J. 2025 Jun 8;22(1):101. doi: 10.1186/s12954-025-01238-4.
5
A comparison of intramuscular (Zimhi) and intranasal naloxone (Narcan) in reversal of fentanyl-induced apnea: a randomized, crossover, open-label trial.肌肉注射齐米（Zimhi）与鼻内注射纳洛酮（纳康，Narcan）用于逆转芬太尼诱发呼吸暂停的比较：一项随机、交叉、开放标签试验。
Nat Commun. 2025 May 19;16(1):4659. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59932-7.
6
Synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists exacerbate fentanyl-elicited respiratory depression and confer resistance to naloxone rescue in mice.合成大麻素受体激动剂会加剧芬太尼引起的呼吸抑制，并使小鼠对纳洛酮的抢救产生耐药性。
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2025 Jul 1;272:112672. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112672. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
7
Fentanyl Smoking in San Francisco: Early Signs of a New Connoisseurship.旧金山的芬太尼吸食现象：新癖好的早期迹象
Hum Organ. 2024;83(4):303-314. doi: 10.1080/00187259.2024.2361846. Epub 2024 Jul 3.
8
A multi-method spatial examination of factors associated with changes in geographic accessibility to buprenorphine providers in HEALing communities study states Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Ohio.在“康复社区研究”的肯塔基州、马萨诸塞州和俄亥俄州，对与丁丙诺啡供应商地理可及性变化相关因素进行的多方法空间考察。
Prev Med Rep. 2025 Mar 24;53:103045. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2025.103045. eCollection 2025 May.
9
Environmental life cycle of fentanyl: From the cradle to an unknown grave.芬太尼的环境生命周期：从摇篮到无名坟墓。
J Environ Qual. 2025 May-Jun;54(3):513-527. doi: 10.1002/jeq2.70016. Epub 2025 Mar 24.
10
Novel adulterants in unregulated opioids and their associations with adverse events.未受监管的阿片类药物中的新型掺假物及其与不良事件的关联。
Can J Public Health. 2025 Feb 24. doi: 10.17269/s41997-024-00990-7.

本文引用的文献

1
Heroin and fentanyl overdoses in Kentucky: Epidemiology and surveillance.肯塔基州的海洛因和芬太尼过量用药情况：流行病学与监测
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:120-129. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.051. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
2
Heroin uncertainties: Exploring users' perceptions of fentanyl-adulterated and -substituted 'heroin'.海洛因的不确定性：探究使用者对掺有芬太尼和被芬太尼替代的“海洛因”的认知。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:146-155. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
3
Today's fentanyl crisis: Prohibition's Iron Law, revisited.今日的芬太尼危机：重温禁酒令的铁律。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:156-159. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.050. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
4
Silicon to syringe: Cryptomarkets and disruptive innovation in opioid supply chains.从硅到注射器：阿片类药物供应链中的暗网市场与颠覆性创新
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:160-167. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.052. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
5
Toxicosurveillance in the US opioid epidemic.美国阿片类药物流行期间的毒物监测
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:168-171. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.057. Epub 2017 Jul 18.
6
US regional and demographic differences in prescription opioid and heroin-related overdose hospitalizations.美国处方阿片类药物和海洛因相关过量住院的地区及人口统计学差异。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:112-119. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jul 5.
7
Naloxone for heroin, prescription opioid, and illicitly made fentanyl overdoses: Challenges and innovations responding to a dynamic epidemic.用于海洛因、处方阿片类药物及非法制造的芬太尼过量中毒的纳洛酮：应对动态流行疫情的挑战与创新
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:172-179. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
8
Epidemiology of fentanyl-involved drug overdose deaths: A geospatial retrospective study in Rhode Island, USA.芬太尼相关药物过量死亡的流行病学：美国罗德岛的一项地理空间回顾性研究。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:130-135. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.029. Epub 2017 Jun 7.
9
Exposure to fentanyl-contaminated heroin and overdose risk among illicit opioid users in Rhode Island: A mixed methods study.罗德岛非法阿片类药物使用者中接触受芬太尼污染的海洛因与过量用药风险：一项混合方法研究。
Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:136-145. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.023. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
10
Characteristics of Fentanyl Overdose - Massachusetts, 2014-2016.2014 - 2016年马萨诸塞州芬太尼过量用药的特征
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Apr 14;66(14):382-386. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6614a2.

Fentanyl in the US heroin supply: A rapidly changing risk environment.

作者信息

Ciccarone Daniel

机构信息

University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, MU-3E, Box 900, 500 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.

出版信息

Int J Drug Policy. 2017 Aug;46:107-111. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.010. Epub 2017 Jul 20.

DOI:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.06.010
PMID:28735776
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5742018/
Abstract
摘要