含天然吸收促进剂的 Pro NanoLipospheres(PNL)制剂对大鼠模型中 δ-9-四氢大麻酚(THC)和大麻二酚(CBD)口服生物利用度的影响。

The effect of Pro NanoLipospheres (PNL) formulation containing natural absorption enhancers on the oral bioavailability of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) in a rat model.

机构信息

Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065 Jerusalem 91120, Israel.

Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065 Jerusalem 91120, Israel.

出版信息

Eur J Pharm Sci. 2017 Nov 15;109:21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.07.003. Epub 2017 Jul 20.

Abstract

The lipophilic phytocannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) show therapeutic efficacy in various medical conditions. Both molecules are poorly water soluble and subjected to extensive first pass metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a limited oral bioavailability of approximately 9%. We have developed an advanced lipid based Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System termed Advanced Pro-NanoLiposphere (PNL) pre-concentrate. The PNL is composed of lipid and emulsifying excipients of GRAS status and are known to increase solubility and reduce Phase I metabolism of lipophilic active compounds. Advanced PNLs are PNLs with an incorporated natural absorption enhancers. These molecules are natural alkaloids and phenolic compounds which were reported to inhibit certain phase I and phase II metabolism processes. Here we use piperine, curcumin and resveratrol to formulate the Advanced-PNL formulations. Consequently, we have explored the utility of these Advanced-PNLs on CBD and THC oral bioavailability. Oral administration of CBD-piperine-PNL resulted in 6-fold increase in AUC compared to CBD solution, proving to be the most effective of the screened formulations. The same trend was found in pharmacokinetic experiments of THC-piperine-PNL which resulted in a 9.3-fold increase in AUC as compared to THC solution. Our Piperine-PNL can be used as a platform for synchronized delivery of piperine and CBD or THC to the enterocyte site. This co-localization provides an increase in CBD and THC bioavailability by its effect at the pre-enterocyte and the enterocyte levels of the absorption process. The extra augmentation in the absorption of CBD and THC by incorporating piperine into PNL is attributed to the inhibition of Phase I and phase II metabolism by piperine in addition to the Phase I metabolism and P-gp inhibition by PNL. These novel results pave the way to utilize piperine-PNL delivery system for other poorly soluble, highly metabolized compounds that currently cannot be administered orally.

摘要

脂溶性植物大麻素大麻二酚 (CBD) 和 Δ-四氢大麻酚 (THC) 在各种医学病症中显示出治疗功效。这两种分子的水溶性都很差,并且在胃肠道中受到广泛的首过代谢,导致口服生物利用度约为 9%。我们开发了一种先进的基于脂质的自乳化药物递送系统,称为高级前纳米脂质体 (PNL) 预浓缩物。PNL 由 GRAS 状态的脂质和乳化赋形剂组成,已知可增加脂溶性活性化合物的溶解度并减少 I 相代谢。高级 PNL 是包含天然吸收增强剂的 PNL。这些分子是天然生物碱和酚类化合物,据报道可抑制某些 I 相和 II 相代谢过程。在这里,我们使用胡椒碱、姜黄素和白藜芦醇来配制高级-PNL 配方。因此,我们探索了这些高级-PNL 对 CBD 和 THC 口服生物利用度的效用。与 CBD 溶液相比,CBD-胡椒碱-PNL 的口服给药导致 AUC 增加了 6 倍,证明是筛选出的配方中最有效的。在 THC-胡椒碱-PNL 的药代动力学实验中也发现了同样的趋势,与 THC 溶液相比,AUC 增加了 9.3 倍。我们的胡椒碱-PNL 可作为胡椒碱和 CBD 或 THC 同步递送至肠细胞部位的平台。这种共定位通过其在吸收过程的前肠细胞和肠细胞水平上的作用增加了 CBD 和 THC 的生物利用度。通过将胡椒碱纳入 PNL,增加了 CBD 和 THC 的吸收,这归因于胡椒碱对 I 相和 II 相代谢的抑制作用,以及 PNL 对 I 相代谢和 P-糖蛋白的抑制作用。这些新的结果为利用胡椒碱-PNL 递送系统为其他目前无法口服给药的水溶性差、代谢率高的化合物铺平了道路。

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