Roy Biswajit G
Department of Chemistry, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India.
Antivir Chem Chemother. 2017 Aug;25(2):20-52. doi: 10.1177/2040206617705500. Epub 2017 Jul 23.
Various viral diseases, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, influenza, and hepatitis, have emerged as leading causes of human death worldwide. Scientific endeavor since invention of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of pox virus in 1967 resulted in better understanding of virus replication and development of various novel therapeutic strategies. Despite considerable advancement in every facet of drug discovery process, development of commercially viable, safe, and effective drugs for these viruses still remains a big challenge. Decades of intense research yielded a handful of natural and synthetic therapeutic options. But emergence of new viruses and drug-resistant viral strains had made new drug development process a never-ending battle. Small-molecule fungal metabolites due to their vast diversity, stereochemical complexity, and preapproved biocompatibility always remain an attractive source for new drug discovery. Though, exploration of therapeutic importance of fungal metabolites has started early with discovery of penicillin, recent prediction asserted that only a small percentage (5-10%) of fungal species have been identified and much less have been scientifically investigated. Therefore, exploration of new fungal metabolites, their bioassay, and subsequent mechanistic study bears huge importance in new drug discovery endeavors. Though no fungal metabolites so far approved for antiviral treatment, many of these exhibited high potential against various viral diseases. This review comprehensively discussed about antiviral activities of fungal metabolites of diverse origin against some important viral diseases. This also highlighted the mechanistic details of inhibition of viral replication along with structure-activity relationship of some common and important classes of fungal metabolites.
各种病毒性疾病，如获得性免疫缺陷综合征、流感和肝炎，已成为全球人类死亡的主要原因。自1967年痘病毒的依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶被发现以来，科学研究使人们对病毒复制有了更好的理解，并开发了各种新的治疗策略。尽管药物研发过程的各个方面都取得了显著进展，但开发针对这些病毒的具有商业可行性、安全且有效的药物仍然是一项巨大的挑战。数十年的深入研究产生了一些天然和合成的治疗选择。但是新病毒和耐药病毒株的出现使新药开发过程成为一场永无休止的战斗。小分子真菌代谢产物因其种类繁多、立体化学复杂性和预先批准的生物相容性，一直是新药发现的一个有吸引力的来源。虽然对真菌代谢产物治疗重要性的探索早在青霉素被发现时就已开始，但最近的预测称，只有一小部分（5-10%）的真菌物种已被鉴定，而经过科学研究的更少。因此，探索新的真菌代谢产物、它们的生物测定以及随后的机制研究在新药发现工作中具有极其重要的意义。尽管目前尚无真菌代谢产物被批准用于抗病毒治疗，但其中许多对各种病毒性疾病表现出很高的潜力。这篇综述全面讨论了不同来源的真菌代谢产物对一些重要病毒性疾病的抗病毒活性。这也突出了抑制病毒复制的机制细节以及一些常见和重要类别的真菌代谢产物的构效关系。
