Ulloa Vidal Natalia, Cova Solar Félix, Bustos N Claudio
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
Rev Chil Pediatr. 2017 Jun;88(3):340-347. doi: 10.4067/S0370-41062017000300005.
A determinant of particular relevance in human development is the socioeconomic status (SES) and, specifically, low SES and poverty. Likewise, family environment is essential in the development of children and a potential mediator or moderator of the effect of broader social conditions.
To analyze the role of parenting stress as a mediating variable of the relationship between SES and both externalized and internalized behaviors in preschool children.
Descriptive secondary base study based on the Longitudinal Survey of Chilean First Infancy that selected a stratified sample, representative by clusters, of 9.996 children from 3 to 5 years old and their caregivers, that completed a battery of instruments for measuring SES variables, parenting stress and externalized and internalized behaviors. The analysis used a linear model with least square estimate. As hypothesis testing, the Dm (an adaptation of the F-test for multiple imputation method) was used.
The mediation model of parenting stress in the relationship between SES and both externalized and internalized behaviors was confirmed for the latter; regarding externalized behaviors a model of moderation was observed, being the stress influence lower on the low SES.
Parental stress showed a clear relationship with the presence of externalized and internalized behaviors, stronger than the SES. The relationship between SES and parenting stress is very important to understand the processes that affect childrens development.
在人类发展中一个特别相关的决定因素是社会经济地位（SES），具体而言，是低社会经济地位和贫困。同样，家庭环境对儿童的发展至关重要，并且是更广泛社会状况影响的潜在中介或调节因素。
分析育儿压力作为社会经济地位与学龄前儿童外化行为和内化行为之间关系的中介变量的作用。
基于智利首次婴儿期纵向调查的描述性二次基础研究，该研究选取了一个分层样本，按聚类具有代表性，包括9996名3至5岁的儿童及其照顾者，他们完成了一系列用于测量社会经济地位变量、育儿压力以及外化行为和内化行为的工具。分析采用最小二乘估计的线性模型。作为假设检验，使用了Dm（多元插补法的F检验的一种改编）。
育儿压力在社会经济地位与外化行为和内化行为之间关系的中介模型在后者中得到证实；关于外化行为，观察到一种调节模型，即低社会经济地位者的压力影响较小。
父母压力与外化行为和内化行为的存在呈现出明显的关系，比社会经济地位更为紧密。社会经济地位与育儿压力之间的关系对于理解影响儿童发展的过程非常重要。
