Coates M D, Tekin I, Vrana K E, Mawe G M
Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017 Sep;46(6):569-580. doi: 10.1111/apt.14226. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is an important mediator of every major gut-related function. Recent investigations also suggest that 5-HT can influence the development and severity of inflammation within the gut, particularly in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
To review the roles that the intestinal serotonin signalling system plays in gut function, with a specific focus on IBD.
We reviewed manuscripts from 1952 to 2017 that investigated and discussed roles for 5-HT signalling in gastrointestinal function and IBD, as well as the influence of inflammation on 5-HT signalling elements within the gut.
Inflammation appears to affect every major element of intestinal 5-HT signalling, including 5-HT synthesis, release, receptor expression and reuptake capacity. Importantly, many studies (most utilising animal models) also demonstrate that modulation of selective serotonergic receptors (via agonism of 5-HT R and antagonism of 5-HT R) or 5-HT signal termination (via serotonin reuptake inhibitors) can alter the likelihood and severity of intestinal inflammation and/or its complicating symptoms. However, there are few human studies that have studied these relationships in a targeted manner.
Insights discussed in this review have strong potential to lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic tools to improve the management of IBD and other related disorders. Specifically, strategies that focus on modifying the activity of selective serotonin receptors and reuptake transporters in the gut could be effective for controlling disease activity and/or its associated symptoms. Further studies in humans are required, however, to more completely understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the roles of 5-HT in this setting.
血清素（5-羟色胺，5-HT）是肠道各项主要功能的重要调节因子。近期研究还表明，5-HT可影响肠道内炎症的发生发展及严重程度，尤其是在炎症性肠病（IBD）的情况下。
综述肠道血清素信号系统在肠道功能中的作用，特别关注IBD。
我们查阅了1952年至2017年期间研究和讨论5-HT信号在胃肠功能及IBD中的作用，以及炎症对肠道内5-HT信号元件影响的手稿。
炎症似乎会影响肠道5-HT信号的各个主要元件，包括5-HT的合成、释放、受体表达及再摄取能力。重要的是，许多研究（大多使用动物模型）还表明，调节选择性血清素受体（通过5-HT受体激动剂和5-HT受体拮抗剂）或5-HT信号终止（通过血清素再摄取抑制剂）可改变肠道炎症及其并发症症状的发生可能性和严重程度。然而，很少有针对这些关系的人体研究。
本综述中讨论的见解极有可能带来新的诊断和治疗工具，以改善IBD及其他相关疾病的管理。具体而言，专注于改变肠道中选择性血清素受体和再摄取转运体活性的策略可能对控制疾病活动和/或其相关症状有效。然而，还需要在人体中进行进一步研究，以更全面地了解5-HT在此情况下作用的病理生理机制。
