a Laboratory of Microbiology , Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen , The Netherlands.
b Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition , Emma's Children's Hospital Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Nov;11(11):1031-1045. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1359539. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
The bacteria received upon birth are the start of colonization of the approximately 10 bacteria that are present in the mature human gastrointestinal tract, better known as the microbiota. The gut microbiota is implicated in gastrointestinal health, nutrient metabolism and benefits such as prevention of infection. Dietary fiber, including prebiotics, escape digestion in the small intestine and reach the colon intact, where they are partially or completely fermented by the gut microbiota. Areas covered: The possible interactions between dietary fiber, prebiotics and microbiota are discussed as well as how this relates to functional gastrointestinal disorders. During the first years of life the microbiota have not yet reached a stable state and is sensitive to disturbance by environmental factors. An imbalance in the microbiota early in life is found to be associated with several functional gastrointestinal disorders such as colic, functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome and constipation. Expert commentary: A better understanding of how gut microbial changes in early-life can impact gastrointestinal health might lead to new treatments or disease prevention. Nutritional strategies with fiber or prebiotics may support health due to modification of colonic microbiota composition and metabolic activity, for example by growth stimulation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus.
婴儿出生时获得的细菌是定植于成熟人类胃肠道中约 10 种细菌的开始，这些细菌通常被称为肠道微生物群。肠道微生物群与胃肠道健康、营养代谢以及预防感染等益处有关。膳食纤维，包括益生元，在小肠中未被消化而完整到达结肠，在那里被肠道微生物群部分或完全发酵。涵盖的领域：本文讨论了膳食纤维、益生元和微生物群之间的可能相互作用，以及这与功能性胃肠道疾病的关系。在生命的最初几年，微生物群尚未达到稳定状态，并且容易受到环境因素的干扰。研究发现，生命早期微生物群的失衡与几种功能性胃肠道疾病有关，如绞痛、功能性腹痛、肠易激综合征和便秘。专家评论：更好地了解生命早期肠道微生物的变化如何影响胃肠道健康，可能会导致新的治疗方法或疾病预防。膳食纤维或益生元的营养策略可能通过改变结肠微生物群的组成和代谢活性来支持健康，例如通过双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的生长刺激。
