Watermann Anna, Brieger Juergen
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2017 Jul 22;7(7):189. doi: 10.3390/nano7070189.
Even though cancer treatment has improved over the recent decades, still more specific and effective treatment concepts are mandatory. Surgical removal is not always possible, metastases are challenging and chemo- and radiotherapy can not only have severe side-effects but also resistances may occur. To cope with these challenges more efficient therapies with fewer side-effects are required. One promising approach is the use of drug delivery vehicles. Here, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) are discussed as biodegradable drug carrier to improve efficacy and reduce side-effects. MSN excellently fulfill the criteria for nanoparticulate carriers: their distinct structure allows high loading capacity and a plethora of surface modifications. MSN synthesis permits fine-tuning of particle and pore sizes. Moreover, drug release can be tailored through various gatekeeper systems which are for example pH-sensitive or redox-sensitive. Furthermore, MSN can either enter tumors passively by the enhanced permeability and retention effect or can be actively targeted by various ligands. PEGylation prolongs circulation time and availability. A huge advantage of MSN is their explicitly low toxic profile in vivo. Yet, clinical translation remains challenging. Overall, mesoporous silica nanoparticles are a promising tool for innovative, more efficient and safer cancer therapies.
尽管近几十年来癌症治疗有所改善，但仍需要更具特异性和有效性的治疗理念。手术切除并非总是可行，转移瘤具有挑战性，化疗和放疗不仅可能有严重的副作用，而且可能会出现耐药性。为应对这些挑战，需要副作用更少的更高效疗法。一种有前景的方法是使用药物递送载体。在此，介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒（MSN）作为可生物降解的药物载体进行讨论，以提高疗效并减少副作用。MSN出色地满足了纳米颗粒载体的标准：其独特的结构允许高负载量和大量的表面修饰。MSN的合成允许对颗粒和孔径进行微调。此外，药物释放可以通过各种例如对pH敏感或对氧化还原敏感的守门系统进行定制。此外，MSN可以通过增强的渗透和滞留效应被动进入肿瘤，或者可以被各种配体主动靶向。聚乙二醇化延长了循环时间和可用性。MSN的一个巨大优势是其在体内明显低毒的特性。然而，临床转化仍然具有挑战性。总体而言，介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒是用于创新、更高效和更安全的癌症治疗的有前景的工具。
