通过体外、体内及计算机模拟研究开发高效黑素生成抑制剂
Development of highly potent melanogenesis inhibitor by in vitro, in vivo and computational studies.
作者信息
Abbas Qamar, Ashraf Zaman, Hassan Mubashir, Nadeem Humaira, Latif Muhammad, Afzal Samina, Seo Sung-Yum
机构信息
Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea.
Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.
出版信息
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017 Jul 5;11:2029-2046. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S137550. eCollection 2017.
The present work describes the synthesis of few hydroxylated amide derivatives as melanogenesis inhibitors. In vitro, in vivo and computational studies proved that compound is a highly potent melanogenesis inhibitor compared to standard kojic acid. The title amides - and - were synthesized following simple reaction routes with excellent yields. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but compound showed excellent activity (IC 0.15 µM) compared to standard kojic acid (IC 16.69 µM). Lineweaver-Burk plots were used for the determination of kinetic mechanism, and it was found that compounds and showed non-competitive inhibition while and showed mixed-type inhibition. The kinetic mechanism further revealed that compound formed irreversible complex with the target enzyme tyrosinase. The values determined for compounds , , and are 0.188, 0.84, 2.20 and 0.217 µM respectively. Results of human tyrosinase inhibitory activity in A375 human melanoma cells showed that compound exhibited 91.9% inhibi-tory activity at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. In vivo cytotoxicity evaluation of compound in zebrafish embryos showed that it is non-toxic to zebrafish. Melanin depigmentation assay performed in zebrafish indicated that compound possessed greater potential in decreasing melanin contents compared to kojic acid at the same concentration. Computational studies also supported the wet lab findings as compound showed a highest binding affinity with the target protein (PDBID: 2Y9X) with a binding energy value of -7.90 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamic simulation studies also proved that amide formed the most stable complex with tyrosinase. Based upon our in vitro, in vivo and computational studies, we propose that compound is a promising candidate for the development of safe cosmetic agent.
本研究描述了几种羟基化酰胺衍生物作为黑色素生成抑制剂的合成。体外、体内和计算研究证明,与标准曲酸相比,化合物是一种高效的黑色素生成抑制剂。通过简单的反应路线合成了标题酰胺类化合物,产率优异。大多数合成化合物表现出良好的蘑菇酪氨酸酶抑制活性,但与标准曲酸(IC 16.69 μM)相比,化合物表现出优异的活性(IC 0.15 μM)。使用Lineweaver-Burk图来确定动力学机制,发现化合物和表现出非竞争性抑制,而和表现出混合型抑制。动力学机制进一步表明,化合物与靶酶酪氨酸酶形成不可逆复合物。化合物、、和的测定值分别为0.188、0.84、2.20和0.217 μM。在A375人黑色素瘤细胞中进行的人酪氨酸酶抑制活性结果表明,化合物在浓度为50 μg/mL时表现出91.9%的抑制活性。在斑马鱼胚胎中对化合物进行的体内细胞毒性评估表明,它对斑马鱼无毒。在斑马鱼中进行的黑色素脱色素测定表明,与相同浓度的曲酸相比,化合物在降低黑色素含量方面具有更大的潜力。计算研究也支持了湿实验室的发现,因为化合物与靶蛋白(PDBID:2Y9X)表现出最高的结合亲和力,结合能值为-7.90 kcal/mol。分子动力学模拟研究也证明酰胺与酪氨酸酶形成了最稳定的复合物。基于我们的体外、体内和计算研究,我们提出化合物是开发安全化妆品的有前途的候选物。