Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur-10250 (AJK), Pakistan.
Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-gil, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, South Korea.
Med Chem. 2019;15(7):715-728. doi: 10.2174/1573406415666190319101329.
BACKGROUND: Tyrosinase is involved in the melanin biosynthesis and the abnormal accumulation of melanin pigments leading to hyperpigmentation disorders. Controlling the melanogenesis could be an important strategy for treating abnormal pigmentation. METHODS: In the present study, a series of amide derivatives (3a-e and 5a-e) were synthesized aiming to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin production. All derivatives were screened for tyrosinase inhibition in a cell-free system. The possible interactions of amide derivatives with tyrosinase enzyme and effect of these interactions on tyrosinase structure were checked by molecular docking in silico and by Circular Dichroism (CD) studies, respectively. The most potent amide derivative (5c) based on cell-free experiments, was further tested for cellular ROS inhibition and for tyrosinase activity using mouse skin melanoma (B16F10) cells. RESULTS: The tyrosinase inhibitory concentration (IC50) for tested compounds was observed between the range of 68 to 0.0029 µg/ml with a lowest IC50 value of compound 5c which outperforms the reference arbutin and kojic acid. The cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin quantification assay demonstrate that 15µg/ml of 5c attenuates 36% tyrosinase, 24% melanin content of B16F10 cells without significant cell toxicity. Moreover, the zebrafish in vivo assay reveals that 5c effectively reduces melanogenesis without perceptible toxicity. Furthermore, the molecular docking demonstrates that compound 5c interacts with copper ions and multiple amino acids in the active site of tyrosinase with best glide score (-5.387 kcal/mol), essential for mushroom tyrosinase inhibition and the ability to diminish the melanin synthesis in-vitro and in-vivo. CONCLUSION: Thus, we propose compound 5c as a potential candidate to control tyrosinase rooted hyperpigmentation in the future.
背景:酪氨酸酶参与黑色素的生物合成,以及黑色素色素的异常积累,导致色素沉着障碍。控制黑色素生成可能是治疗异常色素沉着的重要策略。
方法:在本研究中,合成了一系列酰胺衍生物(3a-e 和 5a-e),旨在抑制酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素生成。所有衍生物均在无细胞体系中进行了酪氨酸酶抑制筛选。通过分子对接的计算机模拟和圆二色性(CD)研究,分别检查酰胺衍生物与酪氨酸酶的可能相互作用及其对酪氨酸酶结构的影响。基于无细胞实验的最有效酰胺衍生物(5c),进一步用于细胞内 ROS 抑制和对小鼠皮肤黑色素瘤(B16F10)细胞的酪氨酸酶活性的检测。
结果:测试化合物的酪氨酸酶抑制浓度(IC50)在 68 到 0.0029μg/ml 之间,其中化合物 5c 的 IC50 值最低,优于对照熊果苷和曲酸。细胞酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素定量测定表明,15μg/ml 的 5c 可使 B16F10 细胞的酪氨酸酶活性降低 36%,黑色素含量降低 24%,而对细胞无显著毒性。此外,斑马鱼体内试验表明,5c 可有效减少黑色素生成,且无明显毒性。此外,分子对接表明,化合物 5c 与铜离子和酪氨酸酶活性部位的多个氨基酸相互作用,其最佳的对接评分(-5.387kcal/mol),对于蘑菇酪氨酸酶的抑制和体外及体内黑色素合成能力的降低至关重要。
结论:因此,我们提出化合物 5c 是未来控制酪氨酸酶源性色素沉着的潜在候选药物。
Bioorg Med Chem. 2018-10-19
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017-7-5
Bioorg Chem. 2019-3-4
Bioorg Med Chem. 2019-7-19
Glob Chall. 2020-11-25