Onishi Janet C, Campbell Sara, Moreau Michael, Patel Falshruti, Brooks Andrew I, Zhou Yin Xiu, Häggblom Max M, Storch Judith
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Microbiology (Reading). 2017 Aug;163(8):1189-1197. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.000496. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Bacterial communities in the mouse caecum and faeces are known to be altered by changes in dietary fat. The microbiota of the mouse small intestine, by contrast, has not been extensively profiled and it is unclear whether small intestinal bacterial communities shift with dietary fat levels. We compared the microbiota in the small intestine, caecum and colon in mice fed a low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundance of major phyla in the small intestine, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, was similar to that in the caecum and colon; the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia was significantly reduced in the small intestine compared to the large intestine. Several genera were uniquely detected in the small intestine and included the aerotolerant anaerobe, Lactobacillus spp. The most abundant genera in the small intestine were accounted for by anaerobic bacteria and were identical to those identified in the large intestine. An HF diet was associated with significant weight gain and adiposity and with changes in the bacterial communities throughout the intestine, with changes in the small intestine differing from those in the caecum and colon. Prominent Gram-negative bacteria including genera of the phylum Bacteroidetes and a genus of Proteobacteria significantly changed in the large intestine. The mechanistic links between these changes and the development of obesity, perhaps involving metabolic endotoxemia, remain to be determined.
已知小鼠盲肠和粪便中的细菌群落会因饮食脂肪的变化而改变。相比之下，小鼠小肠的微生物群尚未得到广泛分析，目前尚不清楚小肠细菌群落是否会随饮食脂肪水平的变化而改变。我们使用16S rRNA基因测序比较了喂食低脂（LF）或高脂（HF）饮食的小鼠小肠、盲肠和结肠中的微生物群。小肠中主要门类（拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门）的相对丰度与盲肠和结肠中的相似；与大肠相比，小肠中疣微菌门的相对丰度显著降低。在小肠中独特检测到几个属，包括耐氧厌氧菌乳酸杆菌属。小肠中最丰富的属由厌氧菌组成，与在大肠中鉴定出的属相同。高脂饮食与显著的体重增加和肥胖以及整个肠道细菌群落的变化有关，小肠中的变化与盲肠和结肠中的不同。包括拟杆菌门的属和变形菌门的一个属在内的突出革兰氏阴性菌在大肠中显著变化。这些变化与肥胖发展之间的机制联系，可能涉及代谢性内毒素血症，仍有待确定。
