State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2017 Aug 16;19(8):983-999. doi: 10.1039/c7em00187h.
In recent years, China suffered from extensive air pollution due to the rapidly expanding economic and industrial developments. Its severe impact on human health has raised great concern currently. Persistent toxic substances (PTSs), a large group of environmental pollutants, have also received much attention due to their adverse effects on both the ecosystem and public health. However, limited studies have been conducted to reveal the airborne PTSs associated with air pollution at the national scale in China. In this review, we summarized the occurrence and variation of airborne PTSs in China, especially in megacities. These PTSs included polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. The implication of their occurrence associated with air pollution was discussed, and the emission source of these chemicals was concluded. Most reviewed studies have been conducted in east and south China with more developed economy and industry. Severe contamination of airborne PTSs generally occurred in megacities with large populations, such as Guangzhou, Shanghai and Beijing. However, the summarized results suggested that industrial production and product consumption are the major sources of most PTSs in the urban environment, while unintentional emission during anthropogenic activities is an important contributor to airborne PTSs. It is important that fine particles serve as a major carrier of most airborne PTSs, which facilitates the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of PTSs, and therefore, increases the exposure risk of the human body to these pollutants. This implied that not only the concentration and chemical composition of fine particles but also the absorbed PTSs are of particular concern when air pollution occurs.
近年来，中国经济和工业的快速发展导致了广泛的空气污染，其对人类健康的严重影响引起了人们的极大关注。持久性有毒物质（PTSs）作为一大类环境污染物，因其对生态系统和公众健康的不良影响而受到广泛关注。然而，目前关于中国国家尺度上与空气污染有关的空气传播 PTSs 的研究还很有限。在本综述中，我们总结了 PTSs 在我国，尤其是特大城市中的发生和变化情况。这些 PTSs 包括多氯二苯并对二恶英/二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）、卤代阻燃剂（HFRs）、全氟化合物（PFCs）、有机氯农药（OCPs）、多环芳烃（PAHs）和重金属。讨论了它们与空气污染相关的发生的意义，并得出了这些化学物质的排放源。大多数综述研究都在中国东部和南部进行，这些地区的经济和工业更加发达。受 PTSs 污染严重的地区通常是人口众多的特大城市，如广州、上海和北京。然而，总结结果表明，工业生产和产品消费是城市环境中大多数 PTSs 的主要来源，而人为活动中的无意排放是空气 PTSs 的重要来源。细颗粒物是大多数空气 PTSs 的主要载体，这促进了 PTSs 的长距离大气传输（LRAT），从而增加了人体接触这些污染物的风险，这一点非常重要。这意味着，在空气污染发生时，不仅要关注细颗粒物的浓度和化学成分，还要关注其吸收的 PTSs。
