Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.
Chem Rev. 2017 Aug 9;117(15):10121-10211. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00051. Epub 2017 Jul 26.
Spinels with the formula of ABO (where A and B are metal ions) and the properties of magnetism, optics, electricity, and catalysis have taken significant roles in applications of data storage, biotechnology, electronics, laser, sensor, conversion reaction, and energy storage/conversion, which largely depend on their precise structures and compositions. In this review, various spinels with controlled preparations and their applications in oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and beyond are summarized. First, the composition and structure of spinels are introduced. Then, recent advances in the preparation of spinels with solid-, solution-, and vapor-phase methods are summarized, and new methods are particularly highlighted. The physicochemical characteristics of spinels such as their compositions, structures, morphologies, defects, and substrates have been rationally regulated through various approaches. This regulation can yield spinels with improved ORR/OER catalytic activities, which can further accelerate the speed, prolong the life, and narrow the polarization of fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water splitting devices. Finally, the magnetic, optical, electrical, and catalytic applications beyond the OER/ORR are also discussed. The future applications of spinels are considered to be closely related to environmental and energy issues, which will be aided by the development of new species with precise preparations and advanced characterizations.
具有通式 ABO（其中 A 和 B 是金属离子）和磁性、光学、电学和催化性能的尖晶石在数据存储、生物技术、电子、激光、传感器、转换反应和能量存储/转换等领域的应用中发挥了重要作用，这在很大程度上取决于其精确的结构和组成。在这篇综述中，总结了具有可控制备的各种尖晶石及其在氧还原/析氧反应（ORR/OER）及其他方面的应用。首先，介绍了尖晶石的组成和结构。然后，总结了采用固相等、溶液相和气相法制备尖晶石的最新进展，并特别强调了新方法。通过各种方法可以合理调节尖晶石的物理化学特性，如组成、结构、形貌、缺陷和基底等。这种调节可以提高 ORR/OER 催化活性的尖晶石，从而进一步加速燃料电池、金属空气电池和水分解装置的速度、延长寿命和缩小极化。最后，还讨论了超越 OER/ORR 的磁性、光学、电学和催化应用。尖晶石的未来应用与环境和能源问题密切相关，通过精确制备和先进表征的新物种的发展将有助于解决这些问题。
