Pyatnitskyi N Yu
Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2017;117(6):59-65. doi: 10.17116/jnevro20171176159-65.
The author analyzes the first concept of E. Kretschmer which preceded his famous concept of cycloid and schizoid temperaments: specific 'root' or 'key' experience characteristic of the personality type. This concept was built on the clinical data of patients with delusions but E. Kretschmer assumed that the difference in the degree of disease was not essential ('neurosis of reference' and 'sensitive delusion of reference' were more close than 'sensitive delusion of reference' and 'expansive delusion'). For a sensitive psychopath, the key and specific experience is 'shameful defeat', for expansive psychopath - 'the violence over will by the common will'. Explanations of the phenomenon of psychopathic personalities made by E. Kraepelin and E. Kretschmer are compared as well as the relationship of psychopathic types determined by E. Kretschmer to 'the general psychopathic constitution'.
作者分析了E. 克雷奇默的第一个概念，该概念先于他著名的循环型和分裂型气质概念：人格类型所特有的特定“根源”或“关键”体验。这个概念基于妄想症患者的临床数据，但E. 克雷奇默认为疾病程度的差异并不重要（“关系妄想症”和“敏感关系妄想症”比“敏感关系妄想症”和“夸大妄想症”更为相近）。对于敏感型精神病患者而言，关键且特定的体验是“羞耻性失败”，对于夸大型精神病患者来说则是“群体意志对个体意志的暴力压制”。文中还比较了E. 克雷佩林和E. 克雷奇默对精神病态人格现象的解释，以及E. 克雷奇默所确定的精神病态类型与“一般精神病态体质”之间的关系。
