Pyatnitskiy N Yu
Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2020;120(4):88-96. doi: 10.17116/jnevro202012004188.
The development of E. Kretschmer's concept of temperaments throughout fifty years is analyzed. The small changes in terminology that occurred in the fourth edition of «Body type and character» took place due to the introducing E. Bleuler's termin «synton» for the intermediate affective states of healthy cyclothymic temperaments and E. Kretschmer's termin "leptosom" for the body type that before was delineated as "asthenic". However, the transition from the systematics with 3 types of physique and corresponding 2 types of mental constitutions to the systematics, including separate temperament of athletic physique («viscous»), took place much later. This was preceded by the delineation of epileptic mental constitution by E. Bleuler (1916) and the description of epileptoid constitution. The clinical descriptions of cycloid and schizoid temperaments as the descriptions of corresponding «healthy» constitutional types of cyclothyms and schizothyms in the monograph «Body type and character» has not changed till the last lifetime edition of the author.
本文分析了E. 克雷奇默气质概念在五十年间的发展历程。在《体型与性格》第四版中，术语出现了一些细微变化，这是由于引入了E. 布洛伊勒的术语“和谐症”来描述健康环性气质的中间情感状态，以及E. 克雷奇默的术语“瘦长体型”来描述之前被划定为“虚弱型”的体型。然而，从具有3种体型和相应2种心理体质的分类系统，过渡到包括运动体型（“粘性”）单独气质的分类系统，这一转变要晚得多。在此之前，E. 布洛伊勒（1916年）对癫痫性心理体质进行了划定，并描述了癫痫样体质。在专著《体型与性格》中，对环性和分裂样气质的临床描述，作为对相应“健康”的环性气质和分裂气质体质类型的描述，直至作者生前最后一版都未改变。
