Carveth Donald L
89 Orchard View Blvd., Toronto, ON M4R 1C1, Canada. E-mail:
Psychoanal Rev. 2017 Aug;104(4):485-501. doi: 10.1521/prev.2017.104.4.485.
Though commonly seen as a member of the so-called "culturistic" school of psychoanalysis that rejected Freudian drive theory and embraced an "oversocialized" conception of human nature, Fromm's qualified essentialism and neo-Marxist existentialism significantly transcend both biological and social determinism (although he succumbs to the latter in regard to his theory of the Oedipus complex). His existential Freudo-Marxism contributes to the integration of psychoanalysis and social science. In place of the authoritarian superego and the pseudo-objective stance of the classical Freudians, Fromm offers conscientious, egalitarian, personalistic, and humane values.
尽管弗洛姆通常被视为所谓精神分析“文化学派”的一员，该学派拒绝弗洛伊德的驱力理论，秉持一种“过度社会化”的人性观念，但他的有限本质主义和新马克思主义存在主义显著超越了生物决定论和社会决定论（尽管在俄狄浦斯情结理论方面他屈从于后者）。他的存在主义弗洛伊德马克思主义推动了精神分析与社会科学的融合。弗洛姆摒弃了经典弗洛伊德主义者的专制超我和伪客观立场，转而倡导尽责、平等、个人主义和人道的价值观。
