Use of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test and pulmonary function tests to assess asthma control in pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION

Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions to complicate pregnancy. Similarly, active management strategies that prioritise asthma control in this vulnerable population can have a far-reaching impact.

AIM

To describe lung function parameters and results of the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) questionnaire in pregnant asthmatics and to analyse correlations between lung function tests and CARAT results.

METHODS

All pregnant asthmatics who performed spirometry and CARAT between September 2014 and August 2015 were included. A medical records review was performed and data regarding demographics, sensitisation and medical prescriptions were recorded. Control of asthma and rhinitis was defined by CARAT total score (CARAT (T)) ≥ 24; upper airways (U) control if CARAT (U) > 8; lower airways (L) control if CARAT (L) > 15.

RESULTS

Forty-two pregnant asthmatics were included, with a median age (interquartile range)of 32 (27-34) years; all had a previous medical diagnosis of asthma and rhinitis, 76% were atopic, 94% sensitised to dust mites and 43% were polissensitised. More than 80% presented poor control (CARAT (T) < 24) in the first assessment and 15% had a percentage forced expiratory volume in the first second < 80%. There were significant negative correlations between CARAT (L) and CARAT (T) scores and step-up of controller medication, (correlation coefficients  = -0.453 and -0.392, respectively).

CONCLUSION

The use of tools such as spirometry and validated questionnaires to objectively assess asthma control during pregnancy should be routinely applied to assist in the management of these patients. These data reinforce the importance of close monitoring of pregnant asthmatics to achieve and maintain better disease control.