老年人有痴呆和无痴呆者的精神运动、功能和认知特征：有何关联？

Psychomotor, Functional, and Cognitive Profiles in Older People with and without Dementia:What Connections?

机构信息

Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.

Department of Education, Social Sciences and Humanities, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.

出版信息

Dementia (London). 2019 May;18(4):1538-1553. doi: 10.1177/1471301217719624. Epub 2017 Jul 28.

DOI:10.1177/1471301217719624

PMID:28752771

Abstract

BACKGROUND

In typical aging, it is possible to observe a decline in psychomotor domains, such as balance or global and fine motor skills as well as a cognitive and functional decline. Although, it is not clear which psychomotor domains are mostly affected in elderly with dementia and the association with the cognitive and functional level.

OBJECTIVE

To identify the correlation between psychomotor, cognitive, and functional skills, and seeking whether there are differences among persons with and without dementia.

DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 120 persons with dementia (ages between 61 and 99 years old; mean age 80.6 ± 7.4) and 377 persons without dementia (ages between 60 and 99 years old; mean age 77.2 ± 8.7) were recruited from nursing homes, day-care centers, and home care. Consenting participants were assessed in psychomotor, cognitive, and functional domains using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive impairment, the Barthel Index (BI), and Lawton Index (LI) to identify basic and instrumental activities of daily living and a Portuguese Version of Éxamen Geronto-Psychomoteur (P-EGP) to evaluate psychomotor skills.

RESULTS

People with dementia showed a higher percentage of cognitive deficit and higher level of dependency in basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Further, findings also showed significant differences in psychomotor domains and total of P-EGP, with exception of Joint Mobilizations of Upper and Lower Limbs. There were moderate to strong correlations between the totals of the scales, and between the totals and domains.

CONCLUSIONS

The population with dementia has higher percentage of cognitive deficit, higher dependency on the performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living and poorer psychomotor performance, except in joint mobilizations. It was also possible to find strong correlations between the total of P-EGP and the total of cognitive and functional scales. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

摘要

背景

在典型的衰老过程中，可以观察到心理运动领域的下降，例如平衡或整体和精细运动技能以及认知和功能下降。尽管如此，尚不清楚痴呆症老年人中受影响最大的心理运动领域以及与认知和功能水平的关联。

目的

确定心理运动、认知和功能技能之间的相关性，并寻找痴呆症患者和非痴呆症患者之间是否存在差异。

设计和方法

共招募了 120 名痴呆症患者（年龄在 61 岁至 99 岁之间；平均年龄 80.6±7.4 岁）和 377 名非痴呆症患者（年龄在 60 岁至 99 岁之间；平均年龄 77.2±8.7 岁），他们来自养老院、日托中心和家庭护理。同意参与的参与者在心理运动、认知和功能领域进行评估，使用 Mini Mental State Examination（MMSE）评估认知障碍，使用 Barthel Index（BI）和 Lawton Index（LI）识别基本和工具性日常生活活动，以及使用葡萄牙版的 Éxamen Geronto-Psychomoteur（P-EGP）评估心理运动技能。