Kilaitė Justina, Dadelienė Rūta, Ginevičienė Valentina, Pranckevičienė Erinija, Mastavičiūtė Asta, Jamontaitė Ieva Eglė, Urnikytė Alina, Ahmetov Ildus I, Alekna Vidmantas
Clinic of Internal Diseases and Family Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Apr 11;61(4):706. doi: 10.3390/medicina61040706.
: Information on how psychomotor speed is associated with the risk of falling is scarce, even in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between falls and psychomotor speed in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty. : A total of 204 subjects (aged 83 (77-87) years) participated in this study: 161 women (78.9%) and 43 men (21.1%). The history of falls was assessed by asking whether the subject had experienced a fall in the past 12 months. Psychomotor speed was evaluated by reaction time and frequency of movement. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the EWGSOP2 criteria. Frailty was confirmed if the participants met ≥3 criteria according to the Fried frailty criteria. The relationship between falls and psychomotor speed was measured using partial correlations. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess if psychomotor speed had an impact on falls. : Sarcopenia was confirmed in 93 (45.58%) and frailty in 91 (44.6%) subjects. Both sarcopenia and frailty were present in 62 (30.39%) participants. In the sarcopenia and frailty group, falls were related to simple reaction time (r = 0.444, = 0.002), hand movement frequency in 10 s (r = -0.352, = 0.014), and in 60 s (r = -0.312, = 0.026). In women with sarcopenia and frailty, there were relationships between falls and simple reaction time (r = 0.68, = 0.002), complex reaction time (r = 0.406, = 0.004), hand movement frequency in 10 s (r = -0.614, = 0.001), and in 60 s (r = -0.584, = 0.001). In regression analysis, it was found that each millisecond increase in reaction time was associated with a 1.5% higher fall risk in the participants with sarcopenia (OR: 1.015 [1, 1.031], = 0.048). : This study demonstrates that slower psychomotor speed, particularly reaction time, is linked to a higher risk of falls in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty, especially in women.
关于心理运动速度如何与跌倒风险相关的信息很少，即使在老年人中也是如此。因此，本研究旨在确定肌肉减少症和虚弱的老年人跌倒与心理运动速度之间的关系。
共有204名受试者（年龄83（77 - 87）岁）参与了本研究：161名女性（78.9%）和43名男性（21.1%）。通过询问受试者在过去12个月内是否经历过跌倒来评估跌倒史。通过反应时间和运动频率评估心理运动速度。根据EWGSOP2标准诊断肌肉减少症。如果参与者根据Fried虚弱标准符合≥3条标准，则确认存在虚弱。使用偏相关分析跌倒与心理运动速度之间的关系。二元逻辑回归分析用于评估心理运动速度是否对跌倒有影响。
93名（45.58%）受试者被确诊为肌肉减少症，91名（44.6%）受试者存在虚弱。62名（30.39%）参与者同时存在肌肉减少症和虚弱。在肌肉减少症和虚弱组中，跌倒与简单反应时间（r = 0.444，P = 0.002）、10秒内手部运动频率（r = -0.352，P = 0.014）和60秒内手部运动频率（r = -0.312，P = 0.026）有关。在患有肌肉减少症和虚弱的女性中，跌倒与简单反应时间（r = 0.68，P = 0.002）、复杂反应时间（r = 0.406，P = 0.004）、10秒内手部运动频率（r = -0.614，P = 0.001）和60秒内手部运动频率（r = -0.584，P = 0.001）之间存在关联。在回归分析中发现，反应时间每增加一毫秒，肌肉减少症参与者的跌倒风险就会增加1.5%（比值比：1.015 [1，1.031]，P = 0.048）。
本研究表明，心理运动速度较慢，尤其是反应时间，与肌肉减少症和虚弱的老年人，尤其是女性的跌倒风险较高有关。
