a Department of Anthropology , University of California , Davis , California , USA.
Med Anthropol. 2018 Jan;37(1):32-44. doi: 10.1080/01459740.2017.1358715. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
In 1978, Italy passed a law establishing the abolition of the mental hospital. Up to that time, the traditional asylums were still governed by the 1904 law that positioned psychiatry within the criminal justice system by assigning it the function of custodia (control, custody) rather than of cura (care). In the 1960s and 1970s, Italian psychiatrist Franco Basaglia initiated a movement of de-institutionalization of the mentally ill that revolutionized psychiatric care in Italy. It also had a deep impact on restructuring the psychiatric system in other European and Latin American countries. In this article, I discuss the different psychiatric practices and imaginaries that resulted from the movement of democratic psychiatry and Basaglia's visions for a community-based and diagnosis-free care of the mentally ill. I ethnographically trace what I call the "Basaglia effect" in today's psychiatric practices, and focus on ethnopsychiatry as a counter clinic that emerged from Basaglia's legacy. I reflect on the frictions between care and cure that ethnopsychiatry re-articulates and works with in the context of contemporary migrations to Europe.
1978 年，意大利通过了一项法律，规定废除精神病院。在此之前，传统的收容所仍然受 1904 年法律的管辖，该法律将精神病学置于刑事司法系统内，赋予其 custodia（控制、监护）而非 cura（治疗）的功能。20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代，意大利精神病学家 Franco Basaglia 发起了一场精神疾病患者非住院化运动，彻底改变了意大利的精神科护理。它还对其他欧洲和拉丁美洲国家的精神科系统结构改革产生了深远影响。在本文中，我讨论了民主精神病学运动带来的不同精神科实践和想象，以及 Basaglia 对以社区为基础、无需诊断即可治疗精神疾病的愿景。我从民族精神病学的角度追溯了我所谓的“Basaglia 效应”，该学科是从 Basaglia 的遗产中衍生出来的反诊所。我反思了民族精神病学在当代欧洲移民背景下重新表达和处理的治疗与治愈之间的矛盾。
