Pellegrino Donata Maria de Souza, Chacon Julieta Maria Ferreira, Blanes Leila, Ferreira Lydia Masako
Translational Surgery at the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 4th floor (Plastic Surgery Secretary), São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
Division of Plastic Surgery (UNIFESP), CAPES Medical Coordinator III, CNPq Researcher 1A, Rua Napoleão de Barros, 715, 4th floor (Plastic Surgery Secretary), São Paulo, SP, 04024-002, Brazil.
J Tissue Viability. 2017 Nov;26(4):241-245. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
To identify the incidence and prevalence of pressure injuries (PIs) in children admitted to hospitals in the city of São Paulo, and assess the association between sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPIs).
A total of 543 children were evaluated, and their sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded. Student's t, Wilcoxon, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess associations between risk factors and the occurrence of HAPIs. The proportion comparison test was used to assess the difference between the prevalence assessments performed at 2 different time points.
The mean prevalence was 7.1% and the mean incidence was 21.8%. Stage 1 PIs totaled 55% of the occurrences, followed by deep tissue injury, stage 2 PIs, and unstageable PIs. Twenty-five percent of PIs were associated with the use of medical devices. The sociodemographic characteristics significantly associated with HAPIs were white skin color and the absence of a parent or guardian as the patient's companion, whereas the clinical characteristics most significantly associated with HAPIs were hospitalization time greater than 30 days, enteral nutrition pathway, a chronic illness of the central nervous system, vasomotor medication, and mechanical ventilation (p < 0.05).
The prevalence of PIs among pediatric patients admitted to hospitals in São Paulo was similar to, and the incidence was higher than the reported international rates. Patients not accompanied by a parent, hospitalized for longer periods and in critical condition were those most affected by PIs.
确定圣保罗市住院儿童压力性损伤（PI）的发病率和患病率，并评估社会人口统计学和临床特征与医院获得性压力性损伤（HAPI）之间的关联。
共评估了543名儿童，并记录了他们的社会人口统计学和临床数据。采用学生t检验、威尔科克森检验、卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验来评估风险因素与HAPI发生之间的关联。使用比例比较检验来评估在两个不同时间点进行的患病率评估之间的差异。
平均患病率为7.1%，平均发病率为21.8%。1期PI占总发生数的55%，其次是深部组织损伤、2期PI和不可分期PI。25%的PI与使用医疗设备有关。与HAPI显著相关的社会人口统计学特征是白色皮肤以及没有父母或监护人陪伴患者，而与HAPI最显著相关的临床特征是住院时间超过30天、肠内营养途径、中枢神经系统慢性病、血管活性药物和机械通气（p < 0.05）。
圣保罗市住院儿科患者中PI的患病率与国际报道相似，发病率高于国际报道。没有父母陪伴、住院时间较长且病情危急的患者受PI影响最大。
