Eckardt M J, Rawlings R R, Martin P R
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1986;10(2):135-44. doi: 10.1016/0278-5846(86)90067-9.
There has been a continuing interest in the biological correlates of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, in part because structured clinical interviews and questionnaire-derived data are vulnerable to deliberate falsification and/or denial. Although alcoholics often report a history of specific complaints and diseases, many clinicians do not think that early alcohol abuse can be detected by evaluating this self-reported data. Although the search for a single biological marker for alcoholism has so far proved unsuccessful, several investigators have recently demonstrated that combinations of tests are more likely to identify alcoholics than single tests. Ideally, one would like to have a technique that would define when an individual is consuming too much alcohol, such that for one person it may be 4 drinks per day and for another it may be 6 drinks per day. Moreover, a clinically useful technique would identify binge drinkers as well as regular consumers, and would not be influenced by acute intoxication, age, other drug use, nonalcoholism-related medical conditions, or pathophysiology accompanying the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
人们一直对酒精滥用和酒精中毒的生物学关联感兴趣，部分原因是结构化临床访谈和问卷得出的数据容易受到故意伪造和/或否认的影响。尽管酗酒者经常报告有特定的不适和疾病史，但许多临床医生认为，通过评估这些自我报告的数据无法检测出早期酒精滥用。尽管迄今为止寻找单一酒精中毒生物标志物的努力尚未成功，但一些研究人员最近表明，与单一测试相比，组合测试更有可能识别出酗酒者。理想情况下，人们希望有一种技术能够确定一个人何时饮酒过量，比如对一个人来说可能是每天4杯，而对另一个人来说可能是每天6杯。此外，一种临床有用的技术能够识别出狂饮者以及经常饮酒者，并且不会受到急性中毒、年龄、其他药物使用、与酒精中毒无关的医疗状况或酒精戒断综合征伴随的病理生理学的影响。
