Sieghart W
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Jun 27;98(13):411-6.
The analysis of drugs of abuse in urine is a valuable tool for the detection of illicit drug use and the treatment and rehabilitation of addicts. In order for the results to be conclusive, however, several precautions have to be taken during the collection, storage, mailing and analysis of the urinary specimen. Since immunological methods for the determination of drugs of abuse are not completely specific, all positive results on immunoassay should be confirmed, at least for forensic purposes, by a chromatographic technique. Although much more complicated and time-consuming, some chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry offer the possibility of unambiguously identifying drugs of abuse. However, in some cases, even with this method it is not possible to decide whether the identified metabolite of a drug of abuse stems from food or illicit or elicit drug use. A single urinary analysis is, therefore, sometimes not sufficient to provide unambiguous proof of the use of illicit drugs. However, definite evidence of repeated drug abuse can be obtained if the person involved is carefully instructed as to which medicines or food must not be taken during the investigation period and yet the analysis of several urinary specimens taken at intervals of one or two days proves positive.
尿液中滥用药物的分析是检测非法药物使用以及成瘾者治疗和康复的一项重要工具。然而，为了使结果具有决定性，在尿液样本的采集、储存、邮寄和分析过程中必须采取若干预防措施。由于用于测定滥用药物的免疫方法并非完全特异，因此至少出于法医目的，免疫分析的所有阳性结果均应通过色谱技术加以确认。尽管某些色谱技术（如气相色谱 - 质谱联用）更为复杂且耗时，但它们提供了明确鉴定滥用药物的可能性。然而，在某些情况下，即便使用这种方法也无法确定所鉴定出的滥用药物代谢物是源于食物还是非法或违禁药物的使用。因此，单次尿液分析有时不足以提供非法药物使用的确凿证据。然而，如果对相关人员进行仔细指导，告知其在调查期间不得服用哪些药物或食物，并且间隔一两天采集的多个尿液样本分析结果均呈阳性，那么就可以获得反复滥用药物的确切证据。
