Department of Medical Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Clin Nutr. 2018 Oct;37(5):1690-1699. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for non-age-related cognitive decline and is also associated with measures of physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). A low glycemic load (GL) diet can aid in the management of blood glucose levels, but little is known about its effect on cognition with poor glucoregulation.
We assessed the relation between GL and cognitive function by glucoregulation and possible mediatory effects by CRF and PA in older adults from the Brain in Motion Study.
A cross-sectional analysis of 194 cognitively healthy adults aged ≥55 years (mean = 65.7, SD = 6.1) was conducted. GL was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and glucoregulation was characterized on the HOMA-IR index. Subjects also completed a cognitive assessment, CRF testing, a validated self-reported PA questionnaire, and a blood draw. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for significant covariates were used to evaluate the relation between GL and cognition, and mediation by CRF and PA was also assessed.
GL was inversely associated with global cognition (β = -0.014; 95% CI -0.024, -0.004) and figural memory (β = -0.035; 95% CI -0.052, -0.018) in subjects with poor glucoregulation. Neither CRF nor PA mediated these relations. In subjects with good glucoregulation, no association was found between GL and cognitive function (p > 0.05).
A low GL diet is associated with better cognitive function in older adults with poor glucoregulation. This study provides supportive evidence for the role of GL in maintaining better cognitive function during the aging process.
糖耐量受损是与非年龄相关认知能力下降相关的一个风险因素，并且还与身体活动（PA）和心肺健康（CRF）的测量值相关。低血糖负荷（GL）饮食有助于控制血糖水平，但对于血糖调节不良者的认知功能影响知之甚少。
我们通过评估大脑运动研究中年龄≥55 岁（平均 65.7，标准差 6.1）的认知健康成年人的 GL 与认知功能之间的关系，并评估 CRF 和 PA 的可能中介作用。
对 194 名认知健康成年人进行了横断面分析，年龄均≥55 岁（平均 65.7，标准差 6.1）。使用定量食物频率问卷评估 GL，使用 HOMA-IR 指数来描述血糖调节情况。受试者还完成了认知评估、CRF 测试、经过验证的自我报告的 PA 问卷和血液检查。使用多元线性回归模型调整了显著的协变量，以评估 GL 与认知之间的关系，并评估了 CRF 和 PA 的中介作用。
在血糖调节不良的受试者中，GL 与整体认知（β=-0.014；95%CI-0.024，-0.004）和图形记忆（β=-0.035；95%CI-0.052，-0.018）呈负相关。CRF 和 PA 都没有介导这些关系。在血糖调节良好的受试者中，GL 与认知功能之间没有关联（p>0.05）。
低血糖负荷饮食与血糖调节不良的老年人的认知功能更好相关。本研究为 GL 在衰老过程中维持更好的认知功能提供了支持性证据。
