Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile.
Centro de Estudios en Medición de la Actividad Física (CEMA), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2018 Jan;42(1):79-87. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2017.177. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
Little evidence exists on which variables of body composition or muscular strength mediates more glucose control improvements taking into account inter-individual metabolic variability to different modes of exercise training.
We examined 'mediators' to the effects of 6-weeks of resistance training (RT) or high-intensity interval training (HIT) on glucose control parameters in physically inactive schoolchildren with insulin resistance (IR). Second, we also determined both training-induce changes and the prevalence of responders (R) and non-responders (NR) to decrease the IR level.
Fifty-six physically inactive children diagnosed with IR followed a RT or supervised HIT program for 6 weeks. Participants were classified based on ΔHOMA-IR into glycemic control R (decrease in homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) <3.0 after intervention) and NRs (no changes or values HOMA-IR⩾3.0 after intervention). The primary outcome was HOMA-IR associated with their mediators; second, the training-induced changes to glucose control parameters; and third the report of R and NR to improve body composition, cardiovascular, metabolic and performance variables.
Mediation analysis revealed that improvements (decreases) in abdominal fat by the waist circumference can explain more the effects (decreases) of HOMA-IR in physically inactive schoolchildren under RT or HIT regimes. The same analysis showed that increased one-maximum repetition leg-extension was correlated with the change in HOMA-IR (β=-0.058; P=0.049). Furthermore, a change in the waist circumference fully mediated the dose-response relationship between changes in the leg-extension strength and HOMA-IR (β'=-0.004; P=0.178). RT or HIT were associated with significant improvements in body composition, muscular strength, blood pressure and cardiometabolic parameters irrespective of improvement in glycemic control response. Both glucose control RT-R and HIT-R (respectively), had significant improvements in mean HOMA-IR, mean muscular strength leg-extension and mean measures of adiposity.
The improvements in the lower body strength and the decreases in waist circumference can explain more the effects of the improvements in glucose control of IR schoolchildren in R group after 6 weeks of RT or HIT, showing both regimes similar effects on body composition or muscular strength independent of interindividual metabolic response variability.
在考虑到不同运动训练模式对个体代谢的变异性的情况下，关于身体成分或肌肉力量的哪些变量能更好地改善葡萄糖控制，证据很少。
我们研究了 6 周抗阻训练（RT）或高强度间歇训练（HIT）对胰岛素抵抗（IR）的非活跃学龄儿童葡萄糖控制参数的影响的“介导者”。其次，我们还确定了两种训练诱导的变化，并确定了对降低 IR 水平的反应者（R）和非反应者（NR）的流行程度。
56 名被诊断为 IR 的非活跃儿童遵循 RT 或监督 HIT 计划 6 周。参与者根据ΔHOMA-IR 分为血糖控制 R（干预后 HOMA-IR 降低 ⩽3.0）和 NR（干预后无变化或 HOMA-IR ⩾3.0）。主要结局是与介导者相关的 HOMA-IR；其次，葡萄糖控制参数的训练诱导变化；以及第三，报告 R 和 NR 以改善身体成分、心血管、代谢和表现变量。
中介分析显示，腹部脂肪（通过腰围）的减少可以更好地解释 RT 或 HIT 方案下非活跃学龄儿童的 HOMA-IR 降低的效果。同样的分析表明，最大重复腿伸展的增加与 HOMA-IR 的变化相关（β=-0.058；P=0.049）。此外，腰围的变化完全介导了腿伸肌力量变化与 HOMA-IR 之间的剂量反应关系（β'=-0.004；P=0.178）。无论血糖控制反应的改善如何，RT 或 HIT 均与身体成分、肌肉力量、血压和心脏代谢参数的显著改善相关。葡萄糖控制 RT-R 和 HIT-R（分别）在平均 HOMA-IR、平均腿伸肌力量和平均肥胖测量值方面均有显著改善。
下半身力量的提高和腰围的减少可以更好地解释 R 组 6 周 RT 或 HIT 后 IR 学龄儿童葡萄糖控制改善的效果，表明两种方案对身体成分或肌肉力量的影响相似，而与个体代谢反应的变异性无关。
