Schultz Simon R, Copeland Caroline S, Foust Amanda J, Quicke Peter, Schuck Renaud
Center for Neurotechnology and Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London, South Kensington, LondonSW7 2AZ, UK.
Proc IEEE Inst Electr Electron Eng. 2017 Jan;105(1):139-157. doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2577380. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Recent years have seen substantial developments in technology for imaging neural circuits, raising the prospect of large scale imaging studies of neural populations involved in information processing, with the potential to lead to step changes in our understanding of brain function and dysfunction. In this article we will review some key recent advances: improved fluorophores for single cell resolution functional neuroimaging using a two photon microscope; improved approaches to the problem of active circuits; and the prospect of microscopes which overcome some of the bandwidth limitations of current imaging techniques. These advances in technology for experimental neuroscience have in themselves led to technical challenges, such as the need for the development of novel signal processing and data analysis tools in order to make the most of the new experimental tools. We review recent work in some active topics, such as region of interest segmentation algorithms capable of demixing overlapping signals, and new highly accurate algorithms for calcium transient detection. These advances motivate the development of new data analysis tools capable of dealing with spatial or spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity, that scale well with pattern size.
近年来，神经回路成像技术取得了重大进展，这使得对参与信息处理的神经群体进行大规模成像研究成为可能，有望在我们对脑功能和功能障碍的理解上带来重大突破。在本文中，我们将回顾近期的一些关键进展：用于双光子显微镜单细胞分辨率功能神经成像的改进荧光团；解决活跃回路问题的改进方法；以及克服当前成像技术某些带宽限制的显微镜前景。实验神经科学技术的这些进展本身也带来了技术挑战，例如需要开发新颖的信号处理和数据分析工具，以便充分利用新的实验工具。我们回顾了一些热门领域的近期工作，如能够分离重叠信号的感兴趣区域分割算法，以及用于钙瞬变检测的新型高精度算法。这些进展推动了能够处理神经活动空间或时空模式且能随模式大小良好扩展的新数据分析工具的开发。
