成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列基因组编辑辩论中新兴的伦理观点。
Emerging ethical perspectives in the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats genome-editing debate.
作者信息
Camporesi Silvia, Cavaliere Giulia
机构信息
Director, Bioethics & Society Postgraduate Programme, Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
Wellcome Trust PhD Student in Society & Ethics, Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
出版信息
Per Med. 2016 Nov;13(6):575-586. doi: 10.2217/pme-2016-0047. Epub 2016 Oct 28.
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the ethical issues in the international clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genome editing debate from March 2015 to September 2016. We present the regulatory framework for embryo research in the UK, and explain why CRISPR is not a significant break with the past. We discuss the ethical issues arising from CRISPR applications beyond human embryos, namely the use of gene drive-engineered mosquitoes to eradicate diseases, engineering nonhuman animals to harvest organs for human transplant and engineering crops. We discuss the experiments that have demonstrated the technical feasibility of cultivating embryos for up to 14 days, and possibly beyond this limit, and the ethical issues arising from the proposal to extend the limit beyond 14 days.
摘要
本文概述了2015年3月至2016年9月国际上关于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）基因组编辑辩论中的伦理问题。我们介绍了英国胚胎研究的监管框架，并解释了为何CRISPR并非与过去有重大决裂。我们讨论了CRISPR在人类胚胎以外应用所引发的伦理问题，即利用基因驱动工程蚊子根除疾病、改造非人类动物以获取用于人类移植的器官以及改造农作物。我们讨论了已证明培养胚胎长达14天甚至可能超过这一期限的技术可行性的实验，以及将期限延长至14天以上这一提议所引发的伦理问题。
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