Lacaille Julien, Sadikaj Gentiana, Nishioka Midori, Carrière Kimberly, Flanders Joseph, Knäuper Bärbel
McGill University.
J Clin Psychol. 2018 Jan;74(1):109-122. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22489. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
Although meditation practice is an important component of many mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), empirical findings of its effects on psychological functioning are mixed and the mechanisms for the effects remain unclear. Responding with mindfulness (i.e., returning one's attention back to a nonjudgmental, present-oriented awareness) is a fundamental skill practiced in meditations. With repeated meditation practice, this skill is thought to become internalized and be applied to one's daily life. We thus hypothesized that the extent to which individuals responded to daily events with mindfulness would mediate the effects of meditation practice (instance, duration, and adherence to instructions) on psychological well-being.
Using a daily diary methodology, we tracked the meditation practice, use of mindful responding during the day, and psychological outcomes (perceived stress, negative and positive affect) of 117 mindfulness-based stress reduction program participants.
We found that on days when participants meditated, they responded with greater mindfulness to daily events, which accounted for the beneficial effects of meditating on psychological outcomes. Furthermore, findings suggest that on meditation days, longer and more closely adhered meditation practices were independently associated with increases in mindful responding, which in turn were associated with better psychological outcomes.
These results suggest that regular, longer, and more closely adhered meditation practice is an important component of MBIs, in part because it leads to responding more mindfully in daily life, which promotes well-being.
尽管冥想练习是许多基于正念的干预措施（MBIs）的重要组成部分，但其对心理功能影响的实证研究结果不一，且影响机制仍不明确。正念反应（即将注意力重新回到一种非评判性的、以当下为导向的意识）是冥想中练习的一项基本技能。随着冥想练习的不断重复，这项技能被认为会内化并应用于日常生活中。因此，我们假设个体以正念应对日常事件的程度将介导冥想练习（次数、时长和对指导的坚持程度）对心理健康的影响。
我们采用每日日记法，追踪了117名参加基于正念减压项目的参与者的冥想练习、白天正念反应的运用情况以及心理结果（感知压力、消极和积极情绪）。
我们发现，在参与者进行冥想的日子里，他们对日常事件的反应更具正念，这解释了冥想对心理结果的有益影响。此外，研究结果表明，在冥想日，更长时间且更严格坚持的冥想练习与正念反应的增加独立相关，而正念反应的增加又与更好的心理结果相关。
这些结果表明，规律、长时间且更严格坚持的冥想练习是基于正念的干预措施的重要组成部分，部分原因是它能使个体在日常生活中更具正念地做出反应，从而促进幸福感。
