加纳老年人自我报告健康状况的预测因素：一项横断面研究。
Predictors of self-reported health among the elderly in Ghana: a cross sectional study.
作者信息
Fonta Cynthia Lum, Nonvignon Justice, Aikins Moses, Nwosu Emmanuel, Aryeetey Genevieve Cecilia
机构信息
Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, LG 13, Ghana.
West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use, WASCAL Competent Center, Blvd Mouammar Kadhafi, 06, Ouagadougou, BP, 9507, Burkina Faso.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2017 Jul 31;17(1):171. doi: 10.1186/s12877-017-0560-y.
BACKGROUND
Self-reported health is a widely used measure of health status across individuals. As the ageing population increases, the health of the elderly also becomes of growing concern. The elderly go through life facing social, economic and financial hardships. These hardships are known to affect the health status of people as they age. The purpose of this study is to assess social and health related factors of self-reported health among the elderly in Ghana.
METHODS
A multivariate regression analysis in form of a binary and ordinal logistic regression were used to determine the association between socioeconomic, demographic and health related factors, on self-reported health. The data used for this study was drawn from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) Wave 1.
RESULTS
In total, out of 2613 respondent, 579 (20.1%) rated their health status as poor and 2034 (79.9%) as good. The results showed that the odds of reporting poor health was 2.5 times higher among the old-old compared to the young old. The elderly with one or more than one chronic condition had the odds of 1.6 times and 2 times respectively, of reporting poor health. Engaging in mild to moderate exercise increased the chances of reporting poor health by 1.8 times. The elderly who had never worked in a lifetime were 2 times more likely to report poor health. In the same way, residents of Eastern and Western parts of Ghana were 2 times more likely to report poor health compared to those in the Upper West region. Respondents with functional limitations and disabilities were 3.6 times and 2.4 times respectively, more likely to report poor health. On the other hand, the odds of reporting poor health was 29, 36 and 27% less among respondents in the highest income quintiles, former users of tobacco and those satisfied with certain aspects of life respectively. Also, current alcohol users were 41% less likely to report poor health.
CONCLUSION
The health status of the elderly is to an extent determined by the circumstances in which they are born, grow and live. The findings suggest that addressing social issues faced by individuals in youthful age will go a long way to achieving good health in the future. People with physical limitations and disabilities are most vulnerable to unmet healthcare needs and support system from government, policy makers and family.
背景
自我报告的健康状况是衡量个体健康状况的一种广泛使用的指标。随着老年人口的增加，老年人的健康也日益受到关注。老年人一生都面临着社会、经济和经济困难。众所周知，这些困难会随着人们年龄的增长而影响其健康状况。本研究的目的是评估加纳老年人自我报告健康状况的社会和健康相关因素。
方法
采用二元和有序逻辑回归形式的多变量回归分析来确定社会经济、人口统计学和健康相关因素与自我报告健康状况之间的关联。本研究使用的数据来自世界卫生组织（WHO）全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）第一轮。
结果
在总共2613名受访者中，579人（20.1%）将自己的健康状况评为差，2034人（79.9%）评为好。结果显示，与年轻老年人相比，高龄老年人报告健康状况差的几率高出2.5倍。患有一种或多种慢性病的老年人报告健康状况差的几率分别为1.6倍和2倍。进行轻度至中度运动使报告健康状况差的几率增加了1.8倍。一生从未工作过的老年人报告健康状况差的可能性高出2倍。同样，加纳东部和西部的居民报告健康状况差的可能性是上西部地区居民的2倍。有功能限制和残疾的受访者报告健康状况差的可能性分别高出3.6倍和2.4倍。另一方面，收入最高五分位数的受访者、曾经吸烟的人和对生活某些方面感到满意的人报告健康状况差的几率分别低29%、36%和27%。此外，目前饮酒的人报告健康状况差的可能性低41%。
结论
老年人的健康状况在一定程度上取决于他们出生、成长和生活的环境。研究结果表明，解决年轻人面临的社会问题将对未来实现良好健康大有帮助。身体有局限和残疾的人最容易面临未满足的医疗保健需求以及政府、政策制定者和家庭的支持系统。
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