植物取食促进了甲壳动物的多样化。
Plant feeding promotes diversification in the Crustacea.
机构信息
Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
Australian Museum, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Aug 15;114(33):8829-8834. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1706399114. Epub 2017 Jul 31.
About half of the world's animal species are arthropods associated with plants, and the ability to consume plant material has been proposed to be an important trait associated with the spectacular diversification of terrestrial insects. We review the phylogenetic distribution of plant feeding in the Crustacea, the other major group of arthropods that commonly consume plants, to estimate how often plant feeding has arisen and to test whether this dietary transition is associated with higher species numbers in extant clades. We present evidence that at least 31 lineages of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans (including 64 families and 185 genera) have independently overcome the challenges of consuming plant material. These plant-feeding clades are, on average, 21-fold more speciose than their sister taxa, indicating that a shift in diet is associated with increased net rates of diversification. In contrast to herbivorous insects, most crustaceans have very broad diets, and the increased richness of taxa that include plants in their diet likely results from access to a novel resource base rather than host-associated divergence.
世界上约有一半的动物物种是与植物相关的节肢动物，而能够食用植物物质的能力被认为是与陆地昆虫惊人多样化相关的重要特征。我们回顾了甲壳类动物（节肢动物的另一个主要类群，通常也食用植物）中植物取食的系统发生分布，以估计这种取食方式的出现频率，并检验这种饮食转变是否与现存类群中更高的物种数量有关。我们提供的证据表明，至少有 31 个海洋、淡水和陆生甲壳动物谱系（包括 64 个科和 185 个属）已经独立克服了食用植物物质的挑战。这些食植物的类群的物种丰富度平均比其姐妹类群高出 21 倍，这表明饮食的转变与净多样化率的增加有关。与草食性昆虫不同，大多数甲壳动物的饮食非常广泛，而包含植物的饮食类群的丰富度增加可能是由于获得了新的资源基础，而不是与宿主相关的分化。
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