Loewen Spencer P, Paterson Alex R, Loh Su Yi, Rogers Mark F, Hindmarch Charles C T, Murphy David, Ferguson Alastair V
Centre for Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK.
Exp Physiol. 2017 Nov 1;102(11):1373-1379. doi: 10.1113/EP086436. Epub 2017 Aug 24.
What is the topic of this review? We describe roles of crucial signalling molecules in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and highlight recent data suggesting sex-specific changes in the expression of crucial signalling molecules and their receptors, which may underlie sex differences in both cardiovascular and metabolic function. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights the integrative capacity of the paraventricular nucleus in mediating cardiovascular and metabolic effects by integrating information from multiple signalling molecules. It also proposes that these signalling molecules have sex-specific differential gene expression, indicating the importance of considering these differences in our ongoing search to understand the female-male differences in the regulation of crucial autonomic systems. Many traditional cardiovascular hormones have been implicated in metabolic function. Conversely, many hormones traditionally involved in metabolic regulation have an effect on cardiovascular function. Many of these signalling molecules exert such effects through specific actions in the paraventricular nucleus, an integrative autonomic control centre located in the hypothalamus. Here, we focus on four cardiovascular/metabolic peptide hormones that signal within the paraventricular nucleus, namely angiotensin II, orexin, adiponectin and nesfatin-1. Each of these hormones has specific electrophysiological effects on paraventricular nucleus neurons that can be related to its physiological actions. In addition, we introduce preliminary transcriptomic data indicating that the genes for some of these hormones and their receptors have sex-specific differential expression.
本综述的主题是什么？我们描述了下丘脑室旁核中关键信号分子的作用，并强调了最近的数据，这些数据表明关键信号分子及其受体的表达存在性别特异性变化，这可能是心血管和代谢功能性别差异的基础。它突出了哪些进展？本综述强调了室旁核通过整合来自多种信号分子的信息来介导心血管和代谢效应的整合能力。它还提出这些信号分子具有性别特异性差异基因表达，这表明在我们持续探索理解自主神经系统调节中男女差异的过程中，考虑这些差异很重要。许多传统的心血管激素与代谢功能有关。相反，许多传统上参与代谢调节的激素对心血管功能有影响。许多这些信号分子通过在下丘脑的一个自主神经整合控制中心——室旁核中的特定作用发挥此类效应。在此，我们聚焦于在室旁核内发出信号的四种心血管/代谢肽类激素，即血管紧张素II、食欲素、脂联素和奈斯芬汀-1。这些激素中的每一种对室旁核神经元都有特定的电生理效应，这与其生理作用相关。此外，我们引入了初步的转录组数据，表明其中一些激素及其受体的基因存在性别特异性差异表达。
