Sarkari Bahador, Khabisi Samaneh Abdolahi
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jun;11(6):OE05-OE10. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/26066.10086. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Human Fascioliasis (HF) is a foodborne neglected parasitic disease caused by and . New epidemiological data suggest that the endemic areas of the disease are expanding and HF is being reported from areas where it was previously not observed. Diagnosis of HF is challenging. Performances of parasitological approaches, based on the detection of parasite's egg in the stool, are not satisfactory. Currently serological methods for the diagnosis of HF are mainly based on detection of anti- antibodies in serum. Although, there have been some improvement in the development of immunological diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of HF, yet these tests suffer from insufficiency in sensitivity or/and specificity. Detection of antigens, rather than antibodies, seems to be a suitable approach in the diagnosis of HF. Antigen can be detected in sera or stool of the fascioliasis patients. Circulating antigen in serum disappears within a short time and most of the circulating antigens are in immune complex forms which are not freely available to be detected. Therefore, antigenemia might not be an appropriate method for the diagnosis of HF. Detection of antigen in stool (coproantigens) seems to be a suitable alternative method for the diagnosis of HF. Recent data provided convincing evidence that detection of coproantigen improved and simplified the diagnosis of HF. The present review highlights the new achievements in designing and improvement of diagnostic approaches for the immunodiagnosis of HF. Moreover, current status of the available immunodiagnostic techniques for the diagnosis of HF, their strengths and weaknesses has been discussed.
人体肝片吸虫病（HF）是一种由[未提及具体病因]引起的食源性被忽视寄生虫病。新的流行病学数据表明，该病的流行区域正在扩大，并且在以前未观察到的地区也有HF病例报告。HF的诊断具有挑战性。基于粪便中检测寄生虫卵的寄生虫学方法的性能并不令人满意。目前，HF的血清学诊断方法主要基于血清中抗[未提及具体抗体]抗体的检测。尽管在用于HF诊断的免疫诊断测试的开发方面已经有了一些改进，但这些测试在敏感性或/和特异性方面仍存在不足。检测抗原而非抗体似乎是HF诊断的合适方法。抗原可以在肝片吸虫病患者的血清或粪便中检测到。血清中的循环抗原会在短时间内消失，并且大多数循环抗原以免疫复合物的形式存在，无法自由检测。因此，抗原血症可能不是诊断HF的合适方法。检测粪便中的抗原（粪便抗原）似乎是诊断HF的一种合适替代方法。最近的数据提供了令人信服的证据，表明粪便抗原的检测改善并简化了HF的诊断。本综述重点介绍了HF免疫诊断方法设计和改进方面的新成就。此外，还讨论了用于HF诊断的现有免疫诊断技术的现状、它们的优缺点。
