Minati Ludovico, Frasca Mattia, Oświȩcimka Paweł, Faes Luca, Drożdż Stanisław
Complex Systems Theory Department, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences (IFJ-PAN), Kraków, Poland.
Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering (DIEEI), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Chaos. 2017 Jul;27(7):073113. doi: 10.1063/1.4994815.
In this paper, we show that novel autonomous chaotic oscillators based on one or two bipolar junction transistors and a limited number of passive components can be obtained via random search with suitable heuristics. Chaos is a pervasive occurrence in these circuits, particularly after manual adjustment of a variable resistor placed in series with the supply voltage source. Following this approach, 49 unique circuits generating chaotic signals when physically realized were designed, representing the largest collection of circuits of this kind to date. These circuits are atypical as they do not trivially map onto known topologies or variations thereof. They feature diverse spectra and predominantly anti-persistent monofractal dynamics. Notably, we recurrently found a circuit comprising one resistor, one transistor, two inductors, and one capacitor, which generates a range of attractors depending on the parameter values. We also found a circuit yielding an irregular quantized spike-train resembling some aspects of neural discharge and another one generating a double-scroll attractor, which represent the smallest known transistor-based embodiments of these behaviors. Through three representative examples, we additionally show that diffusive coupling of heterogeneous oscillators of this kind may give rise to complex entrainment, such as lag synchronization with directed information transfer and generalized synchronization. The replicability and reproducibility of the experimental findings are good.
在本文中，我们表明，基于一个或两个双极结型晶体管以及少量无源元件的新型自主混沌振荡器可通过采用合适启发式方法的随机搜索来获得。混沌现象在这些电路中普遍存在，尤其是在手动调节与电源电压源串联的可变电阻之后。按照这种方法，设计了49个在实际实现时能产生混沌信号的独特电路，这是迄今为止此类电路的最大集合。这些电路是非典型的，因为它们不能简单地映射到已知拓扑结构或其变体上。它们具有多样的频谱，且主要呈现反持久单分形动力学特性。值得注意的是，我们反复发现一个由一个电阻、一个晶体管、两个电感和一个电容组成的电路，它根据参数值会产生一系列吸引子。我们还发现了一个能产生类似于神经放电某些方面的不规则量化尖峰序列的电路，以及另一个能产生双涡卷吸引子的电路，它们代表了已知的基于晶体管的这些行为的最小实现方式。通过三个具有代表性的例子，我们还表明，这种类型的异构振荡器的扩散耦合可能会导致复杂的同步现象，如具有定向信息传递的滞后同步和广义同步。实验结果的可重复性和再现性良好。
