Seidel Robert, Pohl Marvin N, Ali Hebatallah, Winter Bernd, Aziz Emad F
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Methods for Material Development, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2017 Jul;88(7):073107. doi: 10.1063/1.4990797.
A state-of-the-art experimental setup for soft X-ray photo- and Auger-electron spectroscopy from liquid phase has been built for operation at the synchrotron-light facility BESSY II, Berlin. The experimental station is named SOL, which is derived from solid, solution, and solar, and refers to the aim of studying solid-liquid interfaces, optionally irradiated by photons in the solar spectrum. SOL is equipped with a high-transmission hemispherical electron analyzer for detecting electrons emitted from small molecular aggregates, nanoparticles, or biochemical molecules and their components in (aqueous) solutions, either in vacuum or in an ambient pressure environment. In addition to conventional energy-resolved electron detection, SOL enables detection of electron angular distributions by the combination of a ±11° acceptance angle of the electron analyzer and a rotation of the analyzer in the polarization plane of the incoming synchrotron-light beam. The present manuscript describes the technical features of SOL, and we also report the very first measurements of soft-X-ray photoemission spectra from a liquid microjet of neat liquid water and of TiO-nanoparticle aqueous solution obtained with this new setup, highlighting the necessity for state-of-the-art electron detection.
我们在柏林的同步辐射光源设施BESSY II上搭建了一套用于液相软X射线光电子能谱和俄歇电子能谱分析的先进实验装置。该实验站名为SOL，它取自固体（solid）、溶液（solution）和太阳（solar），旨在研究固液界面，可选择用太阳光谱中的光子进行辐照。SOL配备了一台高透射率半球形电子分析仪，用于检测从小分子聚集体、纳米颗粒或生物化学分子及其在（水）溶液中的成分（无论是在真空中还是在环境压力环境下）发射出的电子。除了传统的能量分辨电子检测外，SOL还能通过电子分析仪±11°的接收角与分析仪在入射同步辐射光束偏振平面内的旋转相结合来检测电子角分布。本手稿描述了SOL的技术特点，并且我们还报告了使用这套新装置获得的纯液态水和TiO纳米颗粒水溶液的液体微射流的软X射线光电子能谱的首批测量结果，突出了先进电子检测的必要性。
