School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ, Bristol, UK.
EPHE PSL Research University, USR 3278 CRIOBE CNRS-UPVD, CRIOBE BP 1013 Móorea, 98729, Polynesie Francaise, France.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 1;7(1):6987. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-06515-2.
Human-made noise is contributing increasingly to ocean soundscapes. Its physical, physiological and behavioural effects on marine organisms are potentially widespread, but our understanding remains largely limited to intraspecific impacts. Here, we examine how motorboats affect an interspecific cleaning mutualism critical for coral reef fish health, abundance and diversity. We conducted in situ observations of cleaning interactions between bluestreak cleaner wrasses (Labroides dimidiatus) and their fish clients before, during and after repeated, standardised approaches with motorboats. Cleaners inspected clients for longer and were significantly less cooperative during exposure to boat noise, and while motorboat disturbance appeared to have little effect on client behaviour, as evidenced by consistency of visit rates, clientele composition, and use of cleaning incitation signals, clients did not retaliate as expected (i.e., by chasing) in response to increased cheating by cleaners. Our results are consistent with the idea of cognitive impairments due to distraction by both parties. Alternatively, cleaners might be taking advantage of distracted clients to reduce their service quality. To more fully understand the importance of these findings for conservation and management, further studies should elucidate whether the efficacy of ectoparasite removal by cleaners is affected and explore the potential for habituation to boat noise in busy areas.
人为噪声对海洋声景的影响越来越大。其对海洋生物的物理、生理和行为影响可能广泛存在，但我们的理解在很大程度上仍然局限于种内影响。在这里，我们研究了摩托艇如何影响蓝带清洁虾（Labroides dimidiatus）和它们的鱼类客户之间的清洁共生关系，这种共生关系对珊瑚礁鱼类的健康、数量和多样性至关重要。我们在摩托艇反复、标准化的接近前后，对清洁虾和鱼类客户之间的清洁互动进行了现场观察。清洁虾在暴露于船只噪音时，对客户的检查时间更长，合作性显著降低，而船只干扰似乎对客户的行为几乎没有影响，这可以从访问率、客源组成和清洁刺激信号的使用情况的一致性来证明，但客户并没有像预期的那样（即通过追逐）对清洁虾的欺骗行为做出反应。我们的研究结果与双方因分心而导致认知障碍的观点一致。或者，清洁虾可能是在利用分心的客户来降低服务质量。为了更全面地了解这些发现对保护和管理的重要性，进一步的研究应该阐明清洁虾清除外寄生虫的效果是否受到影响，并探索在繁忙地区船只噪音习服的可能性。
