Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich,Munich,Germany.
CNS Spectr. 2018 Apr;23(2):119-128. doi: 10.1017/S1092852917000438. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
Terrorism, whether it is group-related or performed as lone actor terrorism, is a predominantly male phenomenon. Generally and throughout history, young males have been the main protagonists of criminal and political violence.This article aims to contribute, from different perspecives, to the question of what makes young men violent. These include neurobiological aspects, such as sex differences in the brain that predispose males to physical aggression and violence; gender role aspects, with regard to aggression and violence being basic components for demonstrating and reconstructing masculinity; demographic aspects of male youth bulges as potential breeding grounds for terrorism; aspects of group dynamics and identity fusion in the process of radicalization; and psychosocial characteristics of lone actor terrorists, which differ from group-related terrorists.It is concluded that in addition to ideological, political, economic, regional, demographic, or psychosocial causes, experiences of threatened masculinity may be an underlying factor and driving force for terrorism.
恐怖主义，无论是群体相关还是作为单独行动者的恐怖主义，都是一种主要的男性现象。一般来说，纵观历史，年轻男性一直是犯罪和政治暴力的主要主角。本文旨在从不同的角度探讨是什么使年轻男性变得暴力。这些因素包括神经生物学方面，例如大脑中的性别差异使男性容易产生身体攻击和暴力行为；性别角色方面，攻击性和暴力行为是展示和重建男子气概的基本组成部分；男性青年群体作为恐怖主义潜在温床的人口统计学方面；在激进化过程中群体动态和身份融合方面；以及单独行动的恐怖分子的心理社会特征，这与群体相关的恐怖分子不同。结论是，除了意识形态、政治、经济、地区、人口统计学或心理社会原因外，感受到男子气概受到威胁可能是恐怖主义的一个潜在因素和驱动力。
