Symanczik Sarah, Gisler Michelle, Thonar Cécile, Schlaeppi Klaus, Van der Heijden Marcel, Kahmen Ansgar, Boller Thomas, Mäder Paul
Department of Soil Sciences, Research Institute of Organic AgricultureFrick, Switzerland.
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland.
Front Plant Sci. 2017 Jul 19;8:1263. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01263. eCollection 2017.
Naranjilla () is a perennial shrub plant mainly cultivated in Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America where it represents an important cash crop. Current cultivation practices not only cause deforestation and large-scale soil degradation but also make plants highly susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can offer a possibility to overcome these problems. AMF can act beneficially in various ways, for example by improving plant nutrition and growth, water relations, soil structure and stability and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the impact of AMF inoculation on growth and nutrition parameters of naranjilla has been assessed. For inoculation three European reference AMF strains (, , and ) and soils originating from three differently managed naranjilla plantations in Ecuador (conventional, organic, and permaculture) have been used. This allowed for a comparison of the performance of exotic AMF strains (reference strains) versus native consortia contained in the three soils used as inocula. To study fungal communities present in the three soils, trap cultures have been established using naranjilla as host plant. The community structures of AMF and other fungi inhabiting the roots of trap cultured naranjilla were assessed using next generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The growth response experiment has shown that two of the three reference AMF strains, a mixture of the three and soil from a permaculture site led to significantly better acquisition of phosphorus (up to 104%) compared to uninoculated controls. These results suggest that the use of AMF strains and local soils as inoculants represent a valid approach to improve nutrient uptake efficiency of naranjilla and consequently to reduce inputs of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation process. Improved phosphorus acquisition after inoculation with permaculture soil might have been caused by a higher abundance of AMF and the presence of as revealed by NGS. A higher frequency of AMF and enhanced root colonization rates in the trap cultures supplemented with permaculture soil highlight the importance of diverse agricultural systems for soil quality and crop production.
刺角瓜（）是一种多年生灌木植物，主要种植于厄瓜多尔、哥伦比亚和中美洲，是当地重要的经济作物。当前的种植方式不仅导致森林砍伐和大规模土壤退化，还使植株极易遭受病虫害。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的使用为解决这些问题提供了一种可能。AMF能通过多种有益方式发挥作用，例如改善植物营养与生长、水分关系、土壤结构与稳定性以及抵御生物和非生物胁迫。在本研究中，评估了接种AMF对刺角瓜生长和营养参数的影响。接种时使用了三种欧洲参考AMF菌株（、和）以及来自厄瓜多尔三个管理方式不同的刺角瓜种植园（传统种植、有机种植和永续栽培）的土壤。这使得能够比较外来AMF菌株（参考菌株）与用作接种物的三种土壤中所含本地菌根联合体的性能。为研究三种土壤中存在的真菌群落，以刺角瓜作为寄主植物建立了诱捕培养。使用下一代测序（NGS）方法评估了诱捕培养的刺角瓜根系中AMF和其他真菌的群落结构。生长响应实验表明，与未接种对照相比，三种参考AMF菌株中的两种、这三种菌株的混合物以及来自永续栽培地的土壤能使磷的吸收显著提高（高达104%）。这些结果表明，使用AMF菌株和当地土壤作为接种剂是提高刺角瓜养分吸收效率从而减少种植过程中矿物肥料投入的有效方法。接种永续栽培土壤后磷吸收的改善可能是由于NGS显示的AMF丰度较高以及的存在。在添加了永续栽培土壤的诱捕培养中，AMF频率更高且根系定殖率增强，这突出了多样化农业系统对土壤质量和作物生产的重要性。
