Shi Dong-Qiao, Ali Iftikhar, Tang Jun, Yang Wei-Cai
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China.
Front Genet. 2017 Jul 19;8:100. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00100. eCollection 2017.
Dynamic DNA modifications, such as methylation/demethylation on cytosine, are major epigenetic mechanisms to modulate gene expression in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In addition to the common methylation on the 5th position of the pyrimidine ring of cytosine (5mC), other types of modifications at the same position, such as 5-hydroxymethyl (5hmC), 5-formyl (5fC), and 5-carboxyl (5caC), are also important. Recently, 5hmC, a product of 5mC demethylation by the Ten-Eleven Translocation family proteins, was shown to regulate many cellular and developmental processes, including the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, neuron development, and tumorigenesis in mammals. Here, we review recent advances on the generation, distribution, and function of 5hmC modification in mammals and discuss its potential roles in plants.
动态DNA修饰，如胞嘧啶的甲基化/去甲基化，是真核生物和原核生物中调节基因表达的主要表观遗传机制。除了常见的胞嘧啶嘧啶环第5位甲基化（5mC）外，同一位置的其他类型修饰，如5-羟甲基（5hmC）、5-甲酰基（5fC）和5-羧基（5caC）也很重要。最近，5hmC作为由Tet蛋白家族介导的5mC去甲基化产物，被证明可调控许多细胞和发育过程，包括哺乳动物胚胎干细胞的多能性、神经元发育和肿瘤发生。在此，我们综述了哺乳动物中5hmC修饰的产生、分布和功能的最新进展，并讨论了其在植物中的潜在作用。
