Cellvibrio fontiphilus sp. nov., isolated from a spring.

A bacterial strain, designated MVW-40T, was isolated from Maolin Spring in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain MVW-40T were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by a single polar flagellum and bright yellow-pigmented rods with pointed ends. Growth occurred at 15-40 °C (optimum, 20-30 °C), at pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 6) and with 0-2 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MVW-40T belonged to the genus Cellvibrio and showed the highest levels of sequence similarity with respect to Cellvibrio mixtussubsp. mixtus ACM 2601T (98.1 %) and Cellvibrio fibrivorans R-4079T (97.2 %). Strain MVW-40T contained summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c), C16 : 0 and C18 : 1ω7c as the predominant fatty acids. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two uncharacterized aminophospholipids, two uncharacterized phospholipids and an uncharacterized lipid. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.8 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain MVW-40T with C. mixtussubsp. mixtus ACM 2601T and C. fibrivorans R-4079T was less than 45 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain MVW-40T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Cellvibrio fontiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MVW-40T (=BCRC 80977T=LMG 29557T=KCTC 52237T).