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声发射传感器的校准方法

Calibration Methods of Acoustic Emission Sensors.

作者信息

Ono Kanji

机构信息

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2016 Jun 24;9(7):508. doi: 10.3390/ma9070508.

DOI:10.3390/ma9070508
PMID:28773632
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5456930/
Abstract

This study examined outstanding issues of sensitivity calibration methods for ultrasonic and acoustic emission transducers and provides workable solutions based on physically measureable quantities, laser-based displacement measurement in particular. This leads to mutually consistent determination of transmitting and receiving sensitivities of sensors and transducers. Methods of circumventing problems of extraneous vibrations on free transmitters are used, giving the foundation for face-to-face calibration methods. Working on many ultrasonic and acoustic emission transducers, their receiving and transmitting sensitivities are found to be always different, while their ratios exhibit unexpected similarity. This behavior is attributed to monopolar pulse generation and bipolar received signals due to electrical charge transfer during elastic wave motion and reflection on the back face. This is verified through a quantitative piezoelectric sensing experiment. Displacement vs. velocity calibration terminology is clarified, redefining the "V/µbar" reference for contact sensor calibration. With demonstrated differences in the transmitting and receiving sensitivities of transducers, the requirement of the Hill-Adams equation invalidates the basic premise of the currently formulated reciprocity calibration methods for acoustic emission transducers. In addition, the measured reciprocity parameter for the case of through-transmission significantly deviates from the approximate theoretical prediction. It is demonstrated that three methods provide reliable sensor calibration results that are complimentary among them.

摘要

本研究探讨了超声和声发射换能器灵敏度校准方法的突出问题，并基于可物理测量的量，特别是基于激光的位移测量，提供了可行的解决方案。这使得能够相互一致地确定传感器和换能器的发射和接收灵敏度。采用了规避自由发射器上外部振动问题的方法，为面对面校准方法奠定了基础。通过对许多超声和声发射换能器的研究发现，它们的接收和发射灵敏度总是不同的，而它们的比值却呈现出意想不到的相似性。这种行为归因于弹性波运动和背面反射过程中电荷转移导致的单极脉冲产生和双极接收信号。这通过定量压电传感实验得到了验证。明确了位移与速度校准术语，重新定义了接触式传感器校准的“V/µbar”参考。鉴于已证明的换能器发射和接收灵敏度的差异，希尔 - 亚当斯方程的要求使当前制定的声发射换能器互易校准方法的基本前提无效。此外，对于穿透传输情况测量的互易参数明显偏离近似理论预测。结果表明，三种方法提供了可靠的传感器校准结果，且它们相互补充。

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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e32a/5456930/7233241776c7/materials-09-00508-g011a.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e32a/5456930/199c5a4744e3/materials-09-00508-g016a.jpg
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本文引用的文献

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Calibration of hydrophones based on reciprocity and time delay spectrometry.基于互易性和时延光谱法的水听器校准
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Transmission Sensitivities of Contact Ultrasonic Transducers and Their Applications.接触式超声换能器的传输灵敏度及其应用。
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 27;21(13):4396. doi: 10.3390/s21134396.
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Rayleigh Wave Calibration of Acoustic Emission Sensors and Ultrasonic Transducers.声发射传感器和超声换能器的瑞利波校准
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Jul 16;19(14):3129. doi: 10.3390/s19143129.
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Frequency Dependence of Receiving Sensitivity of Ultrasonic Transducers and Acoustic Emission Sensors.超声换能器和声发射传感器接收灵敏度的频率依赖性。
Sensors (Basel). 2018 Nov 9;18(11):3861. doi: 10.3390/s18113861.
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On the Piezoelectric Detection of Guided Ultrasonic Waves.关于导波的压电检测
Materials (Basel). 2017 Nov 18;10(11):1325. doi: 10.3390/ma10111325.
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Correction: Ono, K. Calibration Methods of Acoustic Emission Sensors. Materials 2016, 9, 508.更正：小野，K. 声发射传感器的校准方法。《材料》2016年，第9卷，第508页。
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Calibration of ultrasonic hydrophone probes up to 100 MHz using time gating frequency analysis and finite amplitude waves.使用时间选通频率分析和有限振幅波对高达100兆赫的超声水听器探头进行校准。
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