Guesnet P, Pascal G, Durand G
Reprod Nutr Dev (1980). 1986;26(4):969-85. doi: 10.1051/rnd:19860605.
The effects of a dietary alpha-linolenic acid (18 : 3 n-3) deficiency on reproduction and postnatal growth in rats were studied during 3 successive gestations and 4 successive generations. Female rats received respectively a semi-synthetic diet in which the lipids were incorporated either as sunflower oil at 1.5% (deficient diet) or as soya oil at 1.87% (control diet). Both diets supplied the same amount of linoleic acid (18 : 2 n-6) (940 mg/100 g of diet), but the sunflower oil supplied 22 times less alpha-linolenic acid than the soya diet (6 mg vs 130 mg/100 g of diet). The results showed that, in our experimental conditions, the alpha-linolenic acid deficiency had no effect on fecundity (% of pregnant females), fertility (number of pups/litter), pup birth weight, food intake and weight of pregnant or lactating females, or pup growth during suckling. However, this deficiency did cause abnormally high rates of perinatal mortality from birth to postpartum day 3, namely on the average, for successive gestations: 18.5% in deficient pups vs 5.2% in the controls, and for successive generations: 16.6% in deficient pups vs 5.3% in the controls. Rat n-3 PUFA requirement during reproduction has been discussed; it appears to be more than 100 mg/100 g of feed. But this need should also be estimated in relation to n-6 PUFA supply; for female rats during reproduction, the ratio n-6: n-3 should be less than 10.
在连续3次妊娠和4代繁殖过程中，研究了膳食中α-亚麻酸（18:3 n-3）缺乏对大鼠繁殖和出生后生长的影响。雌性大鼠分别接受一种半合成饲料，其中脂质分别以1.5%的向日葵油（缺乏饲料）或1.87%的大豆油（对照饲料）形式添加。两种饲料提供相同量的亚油酸（18:2 n-6）（940毫克/100克饲料），但向日葵油提供的α-亚麻酸比大豆饲料少22倍（6毫克对130毫克/100克饲料）。结果表明，在我们的实验条件下，α-亚麻酸缺乏对繁殖力（怀孕雌性的百分比）、生育力（每窝幼崽数量）、幼崽出生体重、食物摄入量以及怀孕或哺乳雌性的体重，或哺乳期幼崽生长均无影响。然而，这种缺乏确实导致出生至产后第3天围产期死亡率异常高，即连续妊娠时，缺乏组幼崽平均为18.5%，对照组为5.2%；连续几代时，缺乏组幼崽为16.6%，对照组为5.3%。讨论了大鼠繁殖期间对n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的需求；似乎超过100毫克/100克饲料。但这种需求也应根据n-6多不饱和脂肪酸的供应情况来估计；对于繁殖期的雌性大鼠，n-6:n-3的比例应小于10。
