Yunda Luisa Fernanda Imbachí, Sepúlveda Eileen Viviana Fonseca, Herrera Kelly Christina Márquez, Moreno Germán Camacho
Deparment of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Fundación Hospital de la Misericordia, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
Int J Mycobacteriol. 2017 Jul-Sep;6(3):258-263. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_68_17.
In Colombia, epidemiological and clinical information related to pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is scarce. Data are needed to define the impact of the disease and to strengthen measures for detection and treatment. It is proposed to analyze the pediatric population diagnosed with pulmonary TB in a national reference institution.
Retrospective observational study including pediatric patients with pulmonary and miliary TB, and pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement, treated between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016. A descriptive analysis of the selected variables was done.
A total of 93 cases of diagnosed TB were identified, of which 61 cases were classified as pulmonary (65.6%). The location of TB occurred only in lungs in 51 patients (83.6%), was miliar in 3 (4.9%), pulmonary and extrapulmonary involvement in 7 patients (11.5%). The mean age was 7.5 years (0.5-18 years). Clinical criteria used for diagnosis was related to 98.3% of the cases, whereas radiological criteria in 90.2%. Bacteriological criterion was met in 42.6% of the cases. The most frequent symptoms were coughing (83.6%), fever (63.9%), and weight loss (26.2%); human immunodeficiency virus co-infection occurred in 3 cases (4.9%). During treatment, 5 mortality cases were recorded, although they were not attributable to TB.
The epidemiological characterization of pediatric patients with pulmonary TB helps to achieve a better diagnostic approach in this population. Improving monitoring and follow-up activities in children with pulmonary TB, as well as promoting actions for adequate prevention and treatment is highly necessary.
在哥伦比亚，与儿童结核病（TB）相关的流行病学和临床信息匮乏。需要数据来确定该疾病的影响，并加强检测和治疗措施。建议对一家国家参考机构中诊断为肺结核的儿童人群进行分析。
回顾性观察研究，纳入2008年1月1日至2016年12月31日期间接受治疗的患有肺结核、粟粒性肺结核以及伴有肺内和肺外病变的儿科患者。对所选变量进行描述性分析。
共确诊93例结核病病例，其中61例被归类为肺结核（65.6%）。结核病仅发生在肺部的有51例患者（83.6%），粟粒性的有3例（4.9%），肺内和肺外均受累的有7例患者（11.5%）。平均年龄为7.5岁（0.5 - 18岁）。用于诊断的临床标准与98.3%的病例相关，而放射学标准与90.2%的病例相关。42.6%的病例符合细菌学标准。最常见的症状是咳嗽（83.6%）、发热（63.9%）和体重减轻（26.2%）；3例患者（4.9%）合并人类免疫缺陷病毒感染。治疗期间记录到5例死亡病例，不过并非由结核病所致。
儿童肺结核患者的流行病学特征有助于对该人群采取更好的诊断方法。非常有必要加强对儿童肺结核患者的监测和随访活动，并推动采取适当的预防和治疗措施。
