White S C
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1986 Oct;57(10 Pt 2):A44-8.
The progress in the development of life support for the crewman parallels the changing flight envelope of the airplane and spacecraft. A constant in this history is man. In spite of elaborate attempts to refine the selection of the crew, the basic lists of requirements has not changed. Only the urgency and the need for providing the entire list of requirements have been seen. Generally, progress in the flight envelope has demanded more reliable and often more complex provisions to support the crew. The debate as to how this should be done has often centered on the argument about having man wear or carry the life support elements versus integration of these provisions into the vehicle. This debate initiated the concept of risks/benefits, a debate that has now reached all aspects of man's endeavors, including his medical care. This paper will discuss the major milestones of providing life support, some of the key contributors (a role that General Armstrong played in a great way), and how this has provided the base for the next steps in aviation and space operations.
为机组人员提供生命保障的发展历程与飞机和航天器不断变化的飞行包线并行。这段历史中的一个常量是人。尽管人们精心尝试优化机组人员的选拔，但基本的要求清单并未改变。只是对提供全部要求的紧迫性和需求有了更深刻的认识。总体而言，飞行包线的发展要求提供更可靠且往往更复杂的保障措施来支持机组人员。关于应如何做到这一点的争论常常集中在让人员穿戴或携带生命保障装备与将这些保障措施集成到飞行器上这一争论点上。这场争论引发了风险/收益的概念，这一争论如今已涉及人类活动的方方面面，包括医疗保健。本文将讨论提供生命保障的主要里程碑、一些关键贡献者（阿姆斯特朗将军在其中发挥了重要作用），以及这如何为航空和太空行动的下一步发展奠定了基础。
