IRSTEA, Freshwater Systems, Ecology and Pollution Unit, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
IRSTEA, Freshwater Systems, Ecology and Pollution Unit, 5 rue de la Doua, BP 32108, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
J Environ Manage. 2018 Jun 15;216:299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.07.063. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
New EC standards published in 2009 led to a surge in onsite wastewater treatment systems reaching the European market. Here we summarize their technical aspects and compare them to known values used in centralized wastewater treatment. The paper deals with two types of processes: attached-growth systems (AGS) on fine media and suspended-growth systems (SGS). Covering 141 technical approvals and 36 manufacturers, we compare onsite design criteria against the centralized wastewater design criteria for each process. The systems use a wide range of materials for bacterial growth, from soil, sand or gravel to zeolite, coconut shavings or rockwool cubes, with a huge range of variation in useful surface, from 0.26 m/PE for one rockwool cube filter to 5 m/PE for a (traditional system) vertical sand filter. Some rockwool can handle applied daily surface load of 160 g BOD/m. SGS design parameters range from 0.025 to 0.34 kg BOD per kg MLVSS/d with hydraulic retention times of 0.28-3.7 d. For clarifier design, water velocity ranges from 0.15 to 1.47 m/h. In the sludge line, sludge storage volume ranges from 0.125 down to just 0.56 m/PE.
2009 年发布的新 EC 标准促使大量现场废水处理系统进入欧洲市场。在这里，我们总结了它们的技术方面，并将其与集中式废水处理中使用的已知值进行了比较。本文涉及两种类型的工艺：细介质附着生长系统 (AGS) 和悬浮生长系统 (SGS)。涵盖了 141 项技术批准和 36 家制造商，我们将每个工艺的现场设计标准与集中式废水设计标准进行了比较。这些系统使用了广泛的细菌生长材料，从土壤、沙子或砾石到沸石、椰子屑或岩棉块，有用表面积的变化范围很大，从一个岩棉块过滤器的 0.26 m/PE 到（传统系统）垂直砂过滤器的 5 m/PE。一些岩棉可以处理每天应用的 160 g BOD/m 的表面负荷。SGS 的设计参数范围从 0.025 到 0.34 kg BOD/kg MLVSS/d，水力停留时间为 0.28-3.7 d。对于澄清器设计，水速范围从 0.15 到 1.47 m/h。在污泥线中，污泥储存体积范围从 0.125 到仅 0.56 m/PE。
