Pallari Elena, Lewison Grant, Sullivan Richard
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Centre for Implementation Science, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Research Oncology, Institute of Cancer Policy, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Clin Respir J. 2017 Sep;11(5):657-665. doi: 10.1111/crj.12685. Epub 2017 Aug 22.
Newspapers are an important means for the communication of medical research findings to policy-makers and the public, but may distort their views on the relative importance of research into, and burden from, different respiratory diseases.
A systematic search strategy based on respiratory-related keywords was developed and translated into 15 European languages to identify relevant stories in 26 newspapers from eight countries in 2002-2013. Details of the stories were recorded on Excel and coded based on the reported respiratory conditions (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other) and research types. Each cited research study was identified on the Web of Science and downloaded for analysis.
There were far more stories about asthma than on COPD, although the amount of research was only modestly greater, and the disease burden far less. Epidemiology, lifestyle and genetics research received the most media attention but not in all newspapers, while means of diagnosis and quality of life were under-reported in all newspapers. Journalists tended to over-cite research from their country by a factor averaging four times more than other researchers. About 10% of stories included a quote from a commentator, especially those in the two UK newspapers, with most of the quotes from UK charities.
The balance between disease areas reported in European newspaper stories is very misleading. European policy-makers and public may perceive asthma as more burdensome than it is and COPD much less. The study also showed that UK charities, but not those in other European countries, gained significant publicity from their contributions to these stories.
报纸是向政策制定者和公众传播医学研究成果的重要手段，但可能会扭曲他们对不同呼吸道疾病研究的相对重要性以及疾病负担的看法。
制定了基于呼吸道相关关键词的系统检索策略，并将其翻译成15种欧洲语言，以识别2002年至2013年来自八个国家的26份报纸上的相关报道。报道细节记录在Excel中，并根据报道的呼吸道疾病情况（哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）及其他）和研究类型进行编码。在科学网上识别并下载每篇被引用的研究以进行分析。
关于哮喘的报道远比关于COPD的报道多，尽管哮喘的研究数量仅略多一点，且疾病负担要轻得多。流行病学、生活方式和遗传学研究受到媒体关注最多，但并非在所有报纸上都是如此，而诊断方法和生活质量在所有报纸上的报道都不足。记者倾向于过度引用本国研究，引用次数平均比其他研究人员多四倍。约10%的报道包含评论员的引述，特别是在两份英国报纸上，大多数引述来自英国慈善机构。
欧洲报纸报道的疾病领域之间的平衡极具误导性。欧洲政策制定者和公众可能会认为哮喘比实际负担更重，而COPD的负担则被低估。该研究还表明，英国慈善机构，而非其他欧洲国家的慈善机构，因其对这些报道的贡献获得了大量宣传。
