Santos Kenia Fernanda Aguiar, Zanuzo Zanardi Odimar, de Morais Matheus Rovere, Jacob Cynthia Renata Oliveira, de Oliveira Monique Bárbara, Yamamoto Pedro Takao
Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2017 Nov;186:218-226. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.165. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
Hippodamia convergens is an important predator found in different agroecosystems. We evaluated the impacts of six insecticides on eggs, larvae and adults of this predator. For eggs, all insecticides reduced larval hatching rates, but did not affect egg duration. Chlorpyrifos and phosmet reduced larval survival; and chlorpyrifos, etofenprox and phosmet prolonged the larva development time. The survival and duration of pupae were not affected by all insecticides tested. Chlorpyrifos reduced fecundity, fertility and longevity when eggs were sprayed. For first-instar larvae, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, phosmet and imidacloprid caused 100% mortality, while azadirachtin and thiamethoxam caused 35.0 and 52.7% mortality, respectively. However, azadirachtin and thiamethoxam did not affect the other biological parameters of the predator. In adults, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox and phosmet reduced adult survival. Chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, and phosmet reduced fecundity and longevity, but did not affect fertility. Azadirachtin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam did not affect fecundity, fertility or longevity. Based on demographic parameters, all insecticides reduced the net reproductive rate (R), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the predator when eggs were treated directly. Azadirachtin, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox and phosmet increased the mean generation time (T), while the effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were similar to the control. When first-instar larvae were treated, azadirachtin and thiamethoxam reduced the R, r and λ. Thiamethoxam increased the T value, while the effects of the other insecticides were similar to the control. These insecticides should be used with caution, in order to reduce their harmful effects on the predator in agroecosystems.
多异瓢虫是一种在不同农业生态系统中发现的重要捕食性昆虫。我们评估了六种杀虫剂对这种捕食性昆虫的卵、幼虫和成虫的影响。对于卵，所有杀虫剂都降低了幼虫孵化率，但不影响卵期。毒死蜱和亚胺硫磷降低了幼虫存活率；毒死蜱、乙螨唑和亚胺硫磷延长了幼虫发育时间。所有测试的杀虫剂均未影响蛹的存活率和蛹期。当对卵喷洒毒死蜱时，其降低了繁殖力、生育力和寿命。对于一龄幼虫，毒死蜱、乙螨唑、亚胺硫磷和吡虫啉导致100%死亡率，而印楝素和噻虫嗪分别导致35.0%和52.7%的死亡率。然而，印楝素和噻虫嗪并未影响该捕食性昆虫的其他生物学参数。对于成虫，毒死蜱、乙螨唑和亚胺硫磷降低了成虫存活率。毒死蜱、乙螨唑和亚胺硫磷降低了繁殖力和寿命，但不影响生育力。印楝素、吡虫啉和噻虫嗪不影响繁殖力、生育力或寿命。基于种群统计学参数，当直接处理卵时，所有杀虫剂均降低了该捕食性昆虫的净繁殖率（R）、内禀增长率（r）和周限增长率（λ）。印楝素、毒死蜱、乙螨唑和亚胺硫磷延长了平均世代时间（T），而吡虫啉和噻虫嗪的影响与对照相似。当处理一龄幼虫时，印楝素和噻虫嗪降低了R、r和λ。噻虫嗪增加了T值，而其他杀虫剂的影响与对照相似。应谨慎使用这些杀虫剂，以减少它们对农业生态系统中捕食性昆虫的有害影响。
