Chiefari Eusebio, Pastore Ida, Puccio Luigi, Caroleo Patrizia, Oliverio Rosa, Vero Anna, Foti Daniela P, Vero Raffaella, Brunetti Antonio
Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa (Localita Germaneto), 88100 Catanzaro. Italy.
Complex Operative Structure Endocrinology-Diabetology, Hospital Pugliese-Ciaccio, 88100 Catanzaro. Italy.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2017;17(3):246-252. doi: 10.2174/1871530317666170808155526.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major health concern that seems to be influenced by seasonality.
To assess the impact of seasonality on the incidence of GDM in an Italian population.
This is a retrospective cohort study of 5,473 pregnant women attending the Operative Unit of Diabetes, who underwent GDM screening by means of the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), during the period from August 2011 to December 2016. Screening was performed at 16-18 or 24-28 weeks' gestation, following the Health Italian Minister guidelines. All blood samples were undertaken in the Hospital itself, under the same temperature conditions, and analyzed in the nearby biochemical laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software.
1,559 of 5,473 enrolled women (28.5%) were affected by GDM. The incidence of GDM was significantly higher during the summer season (33.7%) (P<0.001), and significantly lower during the winter (23.3%), compared with spring (P=0.035) and fall seasons (P=0.002). When the year was divided on a 24-hr temperature basis into two parts only, the warm half and the cold half, GDM was considerably lower in cold months compared to warm ones (P<0.0001). No difference was observed between the medians of fasting glycemia throughout the four seasons; instead, serum glucose levels at 1-h and 2-h after OGTT were higher in summer than in spring, autumn and winter. Results from multiple linear regression analysis supported the hypothesis that glucose levels at 1-h and 2-h following OGTT could be influenced by ambient temperature.
Our data indicate that seasonal changes may influence variations in glucose tolerance during pregnancy, with GDM incidence increasing during the summer and declining during cold months.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一个重大的健康问题，似乎受季节性影响。
评估季节性对意大利人群中GDM发病率的影响。
这是一项对5473名在糖尿病手术科室就诊的孕妇进行的回顾性队列研究，这些孕妇在2011年8月至2016年12月期间通过75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）进行GDM筛查。筛查在妊娠16 - 18周或24 - 28周时进行，遵循意大利卫生部指南。所有血样均在医院内相同温度条件下采集，并在附近生化实验室进行分析。采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。
5473名登记女性中有1559名（28.5%）患有GDM。与春季（P = 0.035）和秋季（P = 0.002）相比，夏季GDM发病率显著更高（33.7%）（P < 0.001），冬季显著更低（23.3%）。仅按24小时温度将年份分为两部分，即温暖半年和寒冷半年时，寒冷月份的GDM发病率远低于温暖月份（P < 0.0001）。四季空腹血糖中位数之间未观察到差异；相反，OGTT后1小时和2小时的血清葡萄糖水平夏季高于春季、秋季和冬季。多元线性回归分析结果支持OGTT后1小时和2小时血糖水平可能受环境温度影响这一假设。
我们的数据表明，季节变化可能影响孕期葡萄糖耐量变化，GDM发病率夏季升高，寒冷月份降低。
