Walkowiak Marek J, Jamka Małgorzata, Walkowiak Marcin Piotr, Gutaj Paweł, Wender-Ożegowska Ewa
Department of Reproduction, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Polna Str. 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland.
Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Str. 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Oct 27;12(11):1376. doi: 10.3390/biology12111376.
The existing literature does not address the question of the seasonal impact on pregnancy in Central-Eastern Europe; therefore, this study was designed to investigate the seasonal variation in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) based on a recent Polish sample. The data of 30,205 newborns from singleton pregnancies and their mothers, including the date and gestational age of birth, neonatal sex and weight, maternal age and parity, mode of delivery, ethnicity, and a detailed list of comorbidities (including GDM), were retrospectively analysed. The prevalence of GDM was significantly ( < 0.0001) lower in spring (14.71%) than in the other seasons (16.78%). A higher incidence of GDM was observed for mothers who underwent an oral glucose tolerance test from June to August compared to those who were tested from December to February (17.34% vs. 14.75%, < 0.0001). Similarly, there were significant differences between seasons with higher and lower insolation. The regression analysis revealed that seasonal patterns were significantly associated with the prevalence of GDM. In conclusion, this large retrospective cohort study demonstrated seasonal changes in GDM risk. The observed seasonal patterns may equally refer to mothers of babies born at term and prematurely. Further research concerning GDM risk and other seasonal and gender associations is warranted.
现有文献未涉及中东欧地区季节对妊娠的影响问题；因此，本研究旨在基于波兰近期的样本调查妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的季节变化。对30205名单胎妊娠新生儿及其母亲的数据进行了回顾性分析，数据包括出生日期和孕周、新生儿性别和体重、母亲年龄和产次、分娩方式、种族以及详细的合并症清单（包括GDM）。春季GDM的患病率（14.71%）显著低于其他季节（16.78%）（<0.0001）。与12月至2月接受口服葡萄糖耐量试验的母亲相比，6月至8月接受该试验的母亲GDM发病率更高（17.34%对14.75%，<0.0001）。同样，日照较多和较少的季节之间也存在显著差异。回归分析显示，季节模式与GDM的患病率显著相关。总之，这项大型回顾性队列研究证明了GDM风险的季节性变化。观察到的季节模式可能同样适用于足月和早产婴儿的母亲。有必要对GDM风险以及其他季节和性别关联进行进一步研究。
